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FUtꦶ9À;'v{9>b-m o뇶&KAב oå%Hbx?pǩǝO" L"ybuJ,H=7S<2@yϘ\Wap-(rBŘTƮHlRs3],xz9'|z?,|"g[Qyv+հ- M&VS(gjA?)PtDYǰn( PVK!$edJGD |?{V;?Amw |@ a # p.>@Ύ4]WQ<5н6cya cl&t>Q#AҾh8q酨Wc- 4A碌$ɉc(YQIL :  H`[Qn4l ÐL~>wGO\ {Ep]B %Z\Nޛn\kApډxN~ut~`6?/n$-"NVn!H2%Cfyx~ '67+=~ ;VOy8oVA>[ ^g/_qu;t=}z Í'iPo* 𠪐r``}C{T@|lLP$ >CwSDë%fS >XS'!ы̥?Gˡ G@ Ra"ˈJAKE8P_dQI*/w+*{IV/⪟p[mNJ.ɨPdvdi)gT~Z3+/V(c[0b_t0aꃿt&E% $tEIPET\RO|$Ť9wt5 RT=}_{\6 M+ i.S$r*CI!B# ZL9A١ }:((fd5e0iB,Ra{=ݜQ';Zl#+?v|^R A,$4gXىI%F/)7د`?aB=}(9d~a%gT/p*_*T'?gb!Rr2CgUQDxs()'+'n?i_0,#_!҂ pAgɐ"K%{C SR.8`& IPea%AZ< `9IaBY(=rnĐ$#*"#9.}χ IȊcfeDi3,SR ΰb'x ҁ< 9D #"~l #( ߣwŃq{H=:08`& /;QQ' bT|cҨoz3qURIg svyUVVPIS@LG͹C IX=geMPRFPHFWEʈ+ *H(z'veIPXZ@SATGLLTXEYG 12~2@? _)=?2\S(/CiƖ!H]:&1B!qT/=%@7=~%Y J[.)m7XV|gȌv^MJs'W'-W4- NJ~L;ưn(Ți΁ @H!#Zl-#( & *#6y8{%"^]Iy "A&܉uQ3w0z h ZR'JtmKɧSO Y~=.Α&E%Fan/췁`gxGGx 7<! 'nIp1r&߸ x]a.s x@ؓ&_G{ChraxZL}b R(7ϔEp /L I\lJ0y<`Ⱥ_M@pbˆc `rx;\@|@{/b̽ O"O!KR&2=)ZȠP !PZGpS)M>Πt47QiT{B="8ޤ!r 0{ 6oӉ| p,w33gLi=4sڠ` *~>-3t| qcb,&O6.yHP<J܍Rõu1pxf:_9Bϝ }CQ?;o eB,^ O,9'jCpn.dfU 0O(Vç11-m4"[K $Ai3)^@{oivlDw8a#|i'{I4zygf̀ٯRK?aX}I4t"<~gf> O*zz-psm$Dʉ(𚧏uOR!`њzwPr)B!VΌk9u1|'@~ sCiw4ƎH):#Nz/J`|~!ώA,' M…(1 榋{Q|s`\/>-Ћ׶:%4rNEH쁳24BO&iHAr!!#bNΏpYmo_cAOyJ>䓄#G` `AA"t3`厓 Dٗ(ʚT<~uflai_DX Hr`4T>c6'ξ BXbgeD y5 s|Y@PNUPFWGc(mV8DT|=s<4#~B BS?iKs Z8T9:t~:G4MĪB:AP"ڀMa QQDP/,D?r`){L0Ay/P7g3WO *ff~&zg!_be/lFQ\:Ap _L[=ZIУT1_(k` pFƠ|_y:(#ZN??P ܧ9 EZF4TI AFנh7t?(4<}Pd) #;M4TNC `UXO*|tzgx+GAz v#c|JӕQa 9I9ji9=4k'0ْOta "ip!G}8 #v4ҽLN ,;/x/71:*!$1n&JvUprge@) x򆤓$? p32ӲpP;9_OΜ+pqƒ6ǏjVwith 6 different choices. Here follows a short description of these choices. [F1]: Will remove the external memory at $c00000-$c7ffff [F1] will cause an HardReset, so you must remove fastmem before you remove external drives. [F2]: Will remove DF1:,DF2:,DF3: if present. Both F1 & F2 will stay removed until a HardReset is made. When these two has been removed or dosen't exist the text in the menu will be tilted. [F3]: Will copy memory location $00000-$30000 to $40000-$70000 (GooK6d crack-tool!) [F4]: Will make a HardReset. It's the same as turning the Amiga off/on. [F5]: Will prepare the normal three reset (Ctrl,L Amiga,R Amiga) to do a HardReset when pressed. Good to get out of reset protected programmes. [F6]: Will do a normal boot. ============================================================================= I think this Boot program is the best one around (NO, I wasn't payed off by PIQ to say that). But there is more to this Boot program than meets t'phe eye. There is a special Virus protector to ensure that you will have a Virus free computer. The Virus protector can also deal with the new startup- sequence virus(The so called IRQ virus). To get this you will have to copy the Mega_Boot program that exists on the disk as a normal file. Then put it first (it MUST be first to deal with the new startup-sequence virus!) in your startup-sequence. It's only 4k so it won't take up that much disk space. Then when you boot a disk the NMega_Boot will check the disk's bootsector and examine the startup -sequence. If the bootsector isn't Mega_Boot V1.30 it is probably Virus - Infected. Then you will be presented with a alert-prompt that ask's you if you want to install the Mega_Boot on the disk again. If you answer yes, the program will destroy any Virus in memory first and then install the disk. If you answer no then the startup will continue as normal and any possible Virus in memory will NOT be destroyed. A verH@y simple way to get the Mega_Boot V1.30 on your disk is to first copy the Mega_Boot program to the disk you want to install it on. Then write Mega_Boot FIRST in your startup-sequence and boot the disk. Mega_Boot program MUST be placed in the root library. When the Mega_Boot program then is activated it will test the bootsector and find that it isn't the Mega_Boot V1.30 and you will be presented with the prompt as described above. Just answer yes and your disk will have this marvelٔlous Mega_Boot V1.30 program on it. ============================================================================ Startup_virus(IRQvirus): A new generation of virus is here. The first none-bootblock virus is spread in the following way. It checks the c directory for the Dir command and if it finds Dir it will add itself to the Dir command. That way every time you type 'Dir' it will activate itself. If Dir dosen't exits or Dir is already infected with the Virus it then reads the sٹvtartup-sequence and gets the first filename and load that file, then it adds the virus to the file and rewrites the file on disk. If you want Mega_Boot V1.30 to work with the new startup-sequence Virus you must write Mega_Boot as the first file-name in startup_sequence. If that is done Mega_Boot V1.30 will remove the virus from itself and the virus in the c/dir program if they are infected. Note: (Only Startup-Virus) Mega_Boot will not work if the disk was infected before you ins talled Mega -Boot on the disk. ============================================================================ Revision V1.30 890104 This revision is made because of the present new kickstart (V1.3). The previous version of Mega_Boot (1.20) will not work in kickstart V1.3 because of direct-addressing to rom in boot-sector. (This was done to save memory...) This new version works in both Kick 1.2 and Kick 1.3, but some handling notes should be in place. If you install Mega_Boot i |n Kickstart 1.2 mode that disk will only boot in Kickstart 1.2 mode. If you try to boot a 1.2 Version in 1.3 mode, the screen flashes red and a reset is done. (It will repeat itself until you remove the disk) To convert a Kick 1.2 version to Kick 1.3 do the following: Boot Amiga in Kickstart 1.3 Boot a other disk and go to CLI. Insert disk to be converted unprotected in df0: and type: df0:Mega_Boot , Then press left mousebutton when you get a prompt (Bootblock is not Mega_Boot V1. ߤ 30....) and the conversion is finished. It will now work only in kickstart 1.3 ============================================================================ That's all from us. We hope you'll enjoy this little hack. WE SUREDO! And remember MegaBoot must be placed first in the startup-sequence or else it will not work against the new Startup-Virus(IRQ virus). ALL CONTACTS TO VORTEX 42 AND IPEC ELITE NOTE THAT THERE IS A COOPERATION AND WE WANT THE GREETINGS IN THE FOLLOWING WAY:  {JF VORTEX 42 & IPEC ELITE OR IPEC ELITE & VORTEX 42 IT DOESN'T MATTER IN WHAT ORDER.GREETINGS TO ALL CONTACTS en flashes red and a reset is done. (It will repeat itself until you remove the disk) To convert a Kick 1.2 version to Kick 1.3 do the following: Boot Amiga in Kickstart 1.3 Boot a other disk and go to CLI. Insert disk to be converted unprotected in df0: and type: df0:Mega_Boot , Then press left mousebutton when you get a prompt (Bootblock is not Mega_Boot V1.Jlny? HandyIcons is a "rebel" program. There are no system calls for adding a menu to Workbench. To accomplish its task it ac- cesses the "private" data fields and message ports of Work- bench. "Private" means CBM does not guarantee their positions from release to release. Therefore, this program aborts if it doesn't find version 33 or 34. If the program were allowed to run with position changes (and 1.4 sounds like a major re- write) HandyIcons would crash with unpredictable result`s! Unfortunately, in the February 1989 issue of AMIGA TRANSACTOR, Mr. Khalid Aldoseri "comes to the rescue." The article actually lists step by step instructions on how to bypass the version checking mechanism! No! No! No! NO! NO! PROGRAMMERS! DO NOT UNDERMINE MY DEFENSIVE PROGRAMMING!!! If it's there, it's there for a good reason! This program will run under 1.2 or 1.3 and is intended as a complete replacement, so get rid of that old program. Suggestions? Comments? C]JOontributory Inclinations? Alan Rubright TUSK BBS 1016 N. Duke Street or (717) 560-1750 Lancaster, PA 17602-1908 2400:8N1 24 Hrs DISTRIBUTION/DISCLAIMER: (C) 1989 Alan Rubright This program may be distributed for non-commercial use by any means as long as: 1) the program and this document file are distributed together 2) the program, this file, or any part thereof, is not modified or removed These rights may not be abri:;dged except by written permis- sion from the author. The author makes no warranties, ex- pressed or implied. This program is provided "as is" and the entire risk as to its quality and performance is with the user. ! No! No! NO! NO! PROGRAMMERS! DO NOT UNDERMINE MY DEFENSIVE PROGRAMMING!!! If it's there, it's there for a good reason! This program will run under 1.2 or 1.3 and is intended as a complete replacement, so get rid of that old program. Suggestions? Comments? C'K , and developed in Multi-Forth ABOUT: CheckSumm'r is a simple program to seek out and analyize any checksum errors you might aquire on your disks- It will work on any legal disk drive- including hard drives, floppies, or even VD0: To use, simply use this format--- ChkSum xxx: Where xxx is the particular device you wish to have checked out. CheckSumm'r will scan thru the entire device looking for Checksum errors. If it finds any, it will make a fa(~(irly extensive anaylisis of the error, giving you some idea of what is wrong. It will also attempt to patch together any files that are affected by this error, Anytime CheckSumm'r finds something it wishes to rewrite, it will tell you what it wants to do and then ask you if this is OK. Thus you have the option of letting it fix the problem or not. If you have any problems with this program, please feel free to write me at this address. Reid J. Bishop PO)} Box 1112 Wheatridge, CO 80034-1112 NOTE: This program IS NOT in the Public Domain!!! I have provided it as a extra for the BAD package. Please use it for your own personal use but DO NOT distribute it in any way, fashion, or form. This program is provided AS-IS, with no expressed or implied warrantee. The user of this program accepts all responsibility for any loss of information or damage that may be incurred when using this program. This is not G#1to say that CheckSumm'r will trash your disks!! It only means that an already messed up disk may be difficult to patch back together!! Keep this in mind. Use the program, it just may fix the particular problems you may be having- I have tested it quite alot and find it to be quite solid and usefull. GOOD LUCK!!! letting it fix the problem or not. If you have any problems with this program, please feel free to write me at this address. Reid J. Bishop PO +#.f cleaning up after a program has be given to Workbench * Screen Flash on errors * Rewritten in Assembly Language If you have extra vertical space, HandyIcons now places a little room between menu items. This is especially nice for those of you who run an interlace Workbench; only you can't fit as many Tool/Proj in, so if it's going to cost you an entry the program applies the big squeeze and jams in as many Tool/Proj as possible. (Just like before)  ,P Menu Swapping One of the more serious limitations imposed by Handy- Icons is the number of Tool/Proj available at any given time. This new feature is implemented to help ease that situation. As you know, it's possible to have multiple copies of HandyIcons on your disk--each with its own list of Tools/ Projects. Place these copies in your HandyIcons menu and selection will cause the program to reset its menu to the newly selected icon's ToolTypes array. Two con -PFditions must be met: 1) The first 9 characters must be "HandyIcon" in order for the program to recognize a menu swap. 2) Arguments must be present in the icon's ToolTypes. For Example: I use the default Workbench screen (640x200) using topaz 8 (80 column). In this configuration I can set 17 items in the menu (22 using the big squeeze). Personally I prefer a little space between menu items, so I'm not going to place any more than 17 selections in each . array. Assuming I have 64 Tool/Projects, one possible implemen- tation could be as follows: Remember, only one menu is displayed at any time. HandyIcons HandyIcons1 HandyIcons2 HandyIcons3 -------------|--------------|--------------|------------- Tool/Proj#1 | Tool/Proj#17 | Tool/Proj#33 | Tool/Proj#49 thru | thru | thru | thru Tool/Proj#16 | Tool/Proj#32 | Tool/Proj#48 | Tool/Proj#64 HandyIcons1 | HandyIcons2 | HandyIcons3 | HandyIcons Exit /j K | Exit | Exit | Exit The above demonstrates a single-linked list: sixteen slots for Tool/Proj and one slot dedicated to menu swap- ping with the last menu pointing back to the first. Se- lecting the last item in each will bring up the new menu. Why not double-linked lists with two slots dedicated? (one forward & one backward) Why not three slots dedicated? (in the above example, you could get TO any menu FROM any menu) Need mor03 e slots? Add another program. The decisions are yours! One Caveat After a new preferences HandyIcons and Workbench each begin the process of rebuilding their respective menus. Depending on how many windows Workbench is dealing with, the syncronization gets touchy and the possibility exists that if you try a menu operation during this period you may lose the extra menu. A Simple Solution So, what do you do to avoid this nasty liMIttle predicament? After preferences, just hold off that menu finger for a sec, perhaps two, and everything will be just (dare I say) handy dandy. When you can't see any more screen activity then that is a good indication it's safe. And if you find that it is, in fact, missing? Selecting an icon or pressing the select button on any blank portion of any one of Workbench's windows will bring 'er back. (Which is what will eventually happen anyway) 1.4 CompatabilitHr-jump - $B + song-position to continue at C-3 00B01 1 is the place to restart the song at. This command will also perform a pattern-break. $C Set volume - $C + new volume Well, this old familiar command will set the current volume to your own selected. The highest volume is $40. All volumes are represented in hex. (Programmers do it in hex, you know!) C-3 00C10 C is the command, 10 is the volume. $D Pattern-break - $D + nothing SuI[re simple, this magic thing will end your pattern and go on with the next one. C-3 00D00 D in the command, all others are a waste of memory. $E Set filter - $E + filter-status This command jerks around with the sound-filter on some A500 + A2000. All other Amiga-users should keep out of playing around with it. C-3 00E01 disconnects filter (turns LED off) C-3 00E00 connects filter (turns LED on) * please keep LED off! $F Set speed - $F + sJ 䄞peed This will change the speed of your tune. (how fast your patterns will roll ...) Speeds from $01 - $1f are allowed. C-3 00F07 sets speed to 7 For your convenience the speed will now be set to 6 everytime you load a song/module or clear the song. The Playroutine. ---------------- The Playroutine on the Soundtracker disk is for using your music in demos, intros, games etc. It was written using the Seka-assembler and the source of the routine can directKO]ly be incorporated in your demo/intro source. When you are finished writing your music using Soundtracker V2.5, save it to disk. Use the function 'SAVE MODULE'. You will find a file in the selected directory, which contains all songdata and samples. Load with SEKA the source of the playroutine and enter the size of the saved module at the label 'mt_data'. Assemble. Now load the saved module to 'mt_data'. How to play a song: ------------------- At the beginningL1 1 of your program, call the 'mt_init' routine. Jump to the 'mt_music' routine each vertical blank. To stop the song, jump to the 'mt_end' routine. P.S. : All you Workbench-fanatics can start the Soundtracker from the Workbench without using utilities like XIcon. Simply use the provided icon (or draw your own), but remember: don't forget to assign the ST-xx: disks! Be sure to close most windows on the Workbench because while Soundtracker is running, the Workbench is  FN still active (invisibly!). Opened windows can cause some unexpected effects (although I fixed this partly)..... ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- in the selected directory, which contains all songdata and samples. Load with SEKA the source of the playroutine and enter the size of the saved module at the label 'mt_data'. Assemble. Now load the saved module to 'mt_data'. How to play a song: ------------------- At the beginningNN2.4 S.T.2.5 S.T. Player Setkey Spritemaker T Size Telecomm 1 Tutor Telecomm 2 Tutor Telecomm 3 Tutor Telecomm 4 Tutor Telecomm 5 Tutor Telecomm 6 Tutor Telecomm 7 Tutor X Copy & Qued MINE @ P A-maxEmulator P Amialign P ApplePlotter P B.A.D. P Boot-Repair P BootIntro P BootSaver P Checksum P Clockdoctor P DeluxeVideo3 P DeluxePaintIII P DirMaster P Disk-2-Disk P Disk-Performance P DiskArranger P DiskDoctor P File-Zap P FileMapper P HandyIcons P IFFcutter P MakeObject P MakeObjectChh;anges P MarauderIIBF10 P Megaboot P ModPlayer P NoiseTracker P ParameterCopy P Popcli P Power-rip1.1-2.1 P ProfessionDraw P Prog>boot P S.I.R. P S.T.2.4 P S.T.2.5 P S.T.Player P Setkey P Spritemaker P T-Size P Telecomm1.Tutor P Telecomm2.Tutor P Telecomm3.Tutor P Telecomm4.Tutor P Telecomm5.Tutor P Telecomm6.Tutor P Telecomm7.Tutor P X-Copy&Qued P Mine @ uder II BF10 Megaboot Modplayer Noise Tracker Parameter Copy Popcli Power Ripper 1.1/2.1 Professional Draw Prog Boot S.I.R. S.T. S_L e from any disk Save Sample - save the selected sample to disk Format Disk - formats a disk PRESETLIST-EDITOR: ------------------ Edit - to edit an entry Insert - inserts a sample into the PresetList Delete - deletes a sample Read path - reads the specified path and inserts the samples into the list Print Plst - lists the PresetList to PRT: (right button to abort) Save Plst - saves the PresetList to disk Use Pset - loads a selected sample into the memory Pre T+ss the right mousebutton to move up and down faster! The 'Edit'-option is not included in the menu. Just click on one of the entries and you can change the name or the other values. To read a sampledisk using 'Read path' you have to enter the path you want to read (in most cases 'df0:' to 'df3:'). Harddisk users may enter a volume-number which will be inserted before the samplename. Click on 'Volume' to change it. Disks with a name like 'ST-xx' will be autom U atically identified! To change a directory without reading it, move the cursor to the uppermost line of the screen over one of the options (song/module/sample). The directory will change to this option. All time key-commands: ---------------------- Tab - Play Left Amiga - Play Pattern Right Amiga - Edit Pattern Space - Stop While editing: -------------- Cursor-keys move cursor. shift + Cursor-keys move cursor fast. alt  V_$+ Cursor-keys move cursor fastest. F6 - Set cursor to first line of pattern. F7 - Set cursor to 16th line of pattern. F8 - Set cursor to 32th line of pattern. F9 - Set cursor to 48th line of pattern. F10 - Set cursor to last line of pattern. DEL - Delete note under cursor. shift + F3 - Cut track of current pattern and copy into a buffer. shift + F4 - Copy track of current pat Wxitern into a buffer. shift + F5 - Copy buffer to track of current pattern. alt + F3 - Cut the whole pattern and copy into a buffer. alt + F4 - Copy pattern into a buffer. alt + F5 - Copy buffer to current pattern. While using Soundtracker V2.5, HELP will show you these commands (and more). A small word about the +/- gadgets: pressing the left AND right mousebutton will in-/decrease the value faster !! Sample zero function: ---------XHR------------ While editing you're able to set the sample to the value zero (0!). Press both mousebuttons at the position of the samplegadgets (plus, minus = +,-). Now you can edit the pattern with the sample 0 to prevent difficulties according to the volume. Instruments. ------------ You can use up to thirtyone different instruments in one music-piece. All instruments are listed in the preset-list. The volume is always 64, but you can change it to each value between 0 Yand 64. To change the other values of each instrument you have to enter the preset-editor or use the gadgets in the program (this is only for small changes. use the preset-ed otherwise!). With the PresetEd you can change the whole preset-list. An instrument may have a maximal length of 64K !! Notes: ------ C#1 0 3 C 2 3 / |/ | \| / / | Info / / Command / Inst# Note to Z be played. Note: This is simply the note that is played with that particular ----- instrument. Inst#: This is the number of the instrument that is used to play that ------ note. When the instrument number is zero, the last selected instrument will be used. Command: This number tells Soundtracker what special functions shall be -------- performed while playing the note. Info: This byte contains the additional information for the commands. ---[lk-- These functions are as follows: 0 - Normal play or arpeggio. 1 - Portamento up. 2 - Portamento down. 3 - Tone-portamento 4 - Vibrato A - Volume slide. B - Position jump. C - Set volume. D - Pattern break. E - Set filter on/off. F - Set speed. $0 Arpeggio - $0 + second halfnote-add + third halfnote-add This command will produce a one-channel chord. No comments. C-3 00037 produces a minor-chord C-3 00047 produces a major-chord $1 Portament\o up - $1 + portamentospeed This commans slides the pitch up. C-3 00103 1 is the command, 3 is the speed. $2 Portamento down - $2 + portamentospeed This command slides the pitch down. C-3 00203 2 is the command, 3 is the speed. $3 Tone-portamento - destination-note + $3 + speed This will automatically slide from the old note to the new. To keep on sliding, just select the command 3. Try it out yourself, and I'm sure you'll understGr,and a little bit better. C-3 00305 C-3 is the note to slide to, 3 the command and 5 the speed. $4 Vibrato - $4 + vibratospeed + vibratosize C-3 00481 4 is the command, 8 is the speed of the vibrato and 1 is the size of the vibrato. To keep on vibratoing (?) just select the command 4. $A Volume-slide - $A + upslidespeed + downslidespeed C-3 00A05 5 is the speed to turn down the volume C-3 00A40 4 is the speed to slide it up. $B Position^ is the command to be executed when the Left Amiga and ESC keys are pressed simaultaneouu sly. By default the command is NEWCLI >NIL: to bring up a CLI window in the center of the screen. Note the >NIL: on the command to supress any output that the NEWCLI program may give. This is important because at the time the command is executed, the original window may be long gone. If you wish to have a CLI come up elsewhere on the screen you can put the window definition in the command such as: NEWCLI >NIL: CON:0/0/640/200/MYCLI Which will open a CLI to fill the entire svpcreen. POPCLI does no parsing on the command, merely passing the ENTIRE string without any processing to AmigaDOS. If you wish to specify a command with POPCLI you must include the seconds value followed by one or more spaces. Some valid commands are: RUN POPCLI 200 RUN POPCLI 200 NEWCLI >NIL: CON:0/0/640/100/MYWINDOW RUN POPCLI 10 RUN POPCLI 180 NEWCLI >NUL: CON:0/10/640/120/POPUP To install a copy of POPCLI on your workbench, put a copy of POPCLI in your C directory wMe and edit the Startup-Sequence file in the S directory to add a RUN POPCLI command of your own taste. Notes: 1) Once POPCLI is installed, the only way to get rid of it is to reboot. 2) POPCLI blanks the screen by creating a one bit-blane lo-res screen in front of all other screens and setting the background color to solid black. It then turns off the display freeing the cycles for any program that might be running. 3) Once the screen blanks, if the AMIGA is left undisturbe ({Zd for 68.096 years the screen may briefly flash back on for the next 68.096 years. I have not taken the time to test this. If this turns out to be a problem, please let me know. 4) As with all RUN commands, the original CLI window may refuse to go away despite typing in an ENDCLI. I >NIL: CON:0/0/640/100/MYWINDOW RUN POPCLI 10 RUN POPCLI 180 NEWCLI >NUL: CON:0/10/640/120/POPUP To install a copy of POPCLI on your workbench, put a copy of POPCLI in your C directoryyS] Module-directory. * Change instrument with the numeric-pad. * Play/Patt/Stop/Edit/Rec from the keyboard. * Simple transpose-function. * Two new song-commands (tone-portamento & vibrato) * Great PLST-screen with simple searchroutine. * Now you can change PLST in the tracker. * Change Pattern & Position from the keyboard. * Sounds looped just like in Audiomaster & Sound FX. * Modulelength & free chipmem displayed. * All known bugs corrected. NoiseTrackerV1.1 improvements: * Safer lo|Vadingroutines. * Restart pointer for your song. * Removed Use Pset. (use the PLST-screen instead) * Debugged IFF-handler. * Safer memoryhandler. ----------------------------------------- - The keyboard. - ----------------------------------------- Esc - Exits DiskOp & PLST F1 - Chooses low octaves F2 - Chooses high octave shift + F3 - Cut voice to buffer shift + F4 - Copy voice to buffer shift + F5 - Paste voice from buffer alt{NUMBER UP 'F9' BYPASS FILTER ON/OFF '1/2/3/4' = CHANNELS 1,2,3,4 ON/OFF SAVING SONGTRACKS: ------------------ 1) FORMAT A DISK AND CREATE THE DIRECTORY 'MODULES'. 2) LOAD SOUNDTRACKER AND LOAD A SONG. RENAME SONGNAME TO A NUMBER (0-10) A SAVE IT IN THE MODULES DIRECTORY. ONE DATADISK CAN ONLY CONTAIN UP TO 11 SONGS AND THE MAX LENGTH OF THE MODULE IS 196KB. 3) MAKE SURE YOU STILL HAVE 5KB FREE FOR THE INFOSCROLLTEXT SAVING INFOSCROLL: ------------------ 1) USE ASCII EDITOR 2) 4 SCROLLSPEEDS SPEED 1 (FASTEST): "&" SPEED 2 : "%" SPEED 3 : "$" SPEED 4 : "#" 3) SAVE SCROLLTEXT AS FILE 'PLAYERSCROLL' ON DATADISK THIS IS ONLY A LIMITED VERSION. VERSION 2 WILL HAVE ENHANCED FEATURES SUCH AS BUG FREE 100% CODE WITH A UNIQUE SPECTRUM- EQUALIZER!! OP 'F7' SELECT TRACKNUMBER DOWN 'F8' SELECT TRACKhpqu9 + F3 - Cut whole pattern to buffer alt + F4 - Copy whole pattern to buffer alt + F5 - Paste pattern from buffer F6 - Go to patternposition 0 F7 - Go to patternposition 16 F8 - Go to patternposition 32 F9 - Go to patternposition 48 F10 - Go to patternposition 63 Help - Go/exit PLST Space - Toggle between Stop/Edit-mode right Amiga - Play Pattern right Alt - Play Song right Shift - Record alt + cursor right - ix8\. If you're not into how to use the Soundtracker, read the old V2.3 instructions, Here's a short list of what I've done ... (V1.0) * Removed the Format Disk-option (It wasn't reliable) * Inserted Load Sample-function (good if haven't done a PLST!) * Corrected the replayroutine (now works with all instruments) * An IFF-handler routine (should take damaged IFFs, too) * Improved inputhandler. * Reinserted song-pack on/off (I used it in the Sounds of Gnome) * Possibility to change the*lon of the data. This program is very useful for 14 determining whether an unsuccessful copy attempt was due to bad media or not. If 15 the copy didn't work because of bad media, then the errors on the source and target 16 disks will be different. The syntax of the DiskErr command is as follows: 17 18 DiskErr [drivenum] [-v] 19 20 In this example "drivenum" is the number of one of the drives (drives are numbered 0, 21 1, 2, and 3). The "-v" is optional, and+n instructs DiskErr to provide a verbose listingof 22 all errors on the disk in drive "drivenum". 23 24 DiskWipe: 25 26 DiskWipe is a utility for quickly erasing a 3.5" diskette. When started it willcompletely 27 erase the selected disk. DiskWipe does not format the disk for AmigaDOS. 28 The syntax for DiskWipe is: 29 30 DiskWipe [drivenum] [-v] 31 32 See the section above on DiskErr for an explanation of the syntax of the DiskWipe 33 command. 34 35 ,|ŦRInstalling MARAUDER II on Another Disk: 36 37 You will need to have a workbench disk or some other bootable disk. The disk must 38 be called "Workbench" for installation. You can relabel this disk after installing 39 MARAUDER II by choosing "Rename" from the menu called "Workbench" at the top j 10 1 left of the screen in the Amiga Workbench environment. For the actual installation, an 2 executable file-> is included on the MARAUDER II disk called M2Install. This is a 3 "batch" file which can be invoked by typing: 4 5 "execute m2install" 6 7 This should be typed at the CLI "1>" prompt. You get to the CLI by double-clicking on 8 the CLI icon in the System drawer which is in the Workbench disk window. Typing 9 "execute M2Install" copies all the necessary files to run the MARAUDER II into the 10 RAM: device. It then prompts you to insert any disk called ".ikWorkbench" into drive df0: 11 and proceeds to copy the necessary files from RAM: to "Workbench". You can then 12 treat the new disk just like your original MARAUDER II disk. 13 14 Troubleshooting: 15 16 Extensive effort has been put into making MARAUDER II as automatic and 17 trouble-free as possible. If you are having trouble backing up a particular title be 18 sure to check the current back-up list to see whether that program appears. A 19 current list will be su/Gpplied with each MARAUDER II shipped. If the title is 20 mentioned on the current list then try your original to verify that it runs.(seriously!) 21 If the title is not mentioned on the backup list, MARAUDER II may still be able to 22 backup the disk so it's wise to give it a try. Also, you may need to use a different 23 destination disk. The media on the first disk that you used may have been faulty. 24 Always be sure to use the highest quality magnetic media for your d0{zNestination disks. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 11 st like your original MARAUDER II disk. 13 14 Troubleshooting: 15 16 Extensive effort has been put into making MARAUDER II as automatic and 17 trouble-free as possible. If you are having trouble backing up a particular title be 18 sure to check the current back-up list to see whether that program appears. A 19 current list will be sukj4a= BBS:(919)-471-6436 VOICE:(919)-469-4210 */ /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */ POPCLI by John Toebes 1986 The Software Distillery. All Rights Reserved 235 Trillingham Ln, Cary, NC 27511 Permission is hereby granted to distribute this program provided both this documentation accompanies the executable and that no charge is made for its distribution. POPCLI is designed to solve two problems at once. FirstE it provides a simple way of starting another CLI at any time without having to load workbench or exit whatever program you may be using. Second it has a builtin screen saver mode that automatically turns off the Amiga display when there has been no input for a given period of time. Once POPCLI is running, you can use it to get a new CLI from whatever program you are running by pressing Left Amiga and ESC at the same time. What this does is to bring the workbench screen to the fro nt and then start up a new CLI window on the workbench screen. This is extremely handy when you start a program from CLI and then find you need to do a CLI command. The other function that POPCLI performs is to blank the screen for you. This saves on the wear of the monitor phospher. It will do this for you automatically any time that you have not pressed any key or moved the mouse for a given period of time regardless of what has been written to the screen. This is useful when ysZou leave the Amiga on unattended so that you don't have to mess with the brightness control or worse yet tunr the monitor off putting wear and tear on its power supply. Furthermore it only takes a touch of the mouse or any key on the keyboard to bring it all back. To use POPCLI, you need to execute the command: RUN POPCLI Where is any number of seconds after which the screen saver is to go into effect. If nothing is specified it defaults to turningBw}31 32 Copy Mode: 33 34 MARAUDER II can operate in either of two copy modes, Analytical or Verbatim. The 35 Copy Mode selection of the Options menu allows you to choose which mode 36 MARAUDER II will use. Most copies are made using Analytical mode, which is 37 the program's default setting. In this mode MARAUDER II produces an exact 38 duplicate of the source disk whenever possible. In the case of copy-protected 39 disks Analytical mode causes MARAUDER II to do its  ы&best to defeat the copy 7 1 protection in order to make a working copy. We recommend that you always use 2 Analytical mode, even when copying unprotected disks. 3 4 Speed Check: 5 6 The Speed Check option will give you an accurate measure of how much data your 7 disk drive is writing to a disk. The faster a disk drive spins, the less data it can 8 write on each track. Many Amiga copy-protection !schemes are based on this fact. A 9 box will show the drive speed in bytes per revolution, and normal values should 10 fall between 6300 and 6400 bytes. 11 12 MARAUDER II performs the speed check on the first selected Target drive. The 13 speed check destroys data on the target disk, so be careful. Data lost 14 cannot be recovered. You should immediately reformat or copy to the disk that you 15 use for the speed check so that you won't mistake it for a bad disk. 16"\IZ 17 MARAUDER II Utility Programs: 18 19 In addition to MARAUDER II itself, your release disk also includes four utility 20 programs, Reflector3, TheDecoder, DiskWipe and DiskErr. Reflector3 is used to back 21 up the Mirror Copier, versions 1.0 through 1.3. The Decoder can produce 22 completely decrypted versions of several popular programs from their encrypted 23 originals. This is useful for fast loading and hard disk installation. DiskErr checks 24 a diskette fo#jBMr errors, and DiskWipe quickly erases a disk. 25 26 Reflector3: 27 28 Reflector3 is located in the root director of the MARAUDER II disk. To start it 29 simply double click the Reflector3 icon or type the name "Reflector3" from the 30 CLI. The program will provide you with step by step instructions to follow. When 31 Reflector3 has finished successfully you will have a ready to run program called 32 "MIRROR" in the RAM: device. This program can then be copied onto a$ny AmigaDOS 33 disk and is not copy-protected in any way. Each time you run "MIRROR", however 34 you will have to reboot your machine as this program is not compatible with the 35 Amiga multi-tasking environment. 36 37 38 39 8 1 The Decoder: 2 3 The Decoder will produce totally decrypted version of the following programs from 4 their copy-protected originals: 5 6 Deluxe Paint % Deluxe Print 7 Deluxe Video Instant Music 8 MarbleMadness! Financial Cookbook 9 Adventure Construction Set 10 11 The Decoder can be invoked only from the CLI. The command line has the 12 following format: 13 14 Decoder [Inputfile outputfile] 15 16 In this example Input file is the name of the encrypted original, and the Outputfile is 17 the name you wish to give the decrypted output f&[ҍile. The Decoder will display a 18 short copyright message and begin its work. If an error is encountered the 19 program will display a message describing the problem and will then terminate 20 unsuccessfully. The program will exit with a short message on successful 21 completion. 22 23 We suggest that you first copy your original disk with MARAUDER II and do all you 24 work on the backup copy. You will find the appropriate input file in the "c" directory 25 of the'ʨ source disk, it is the file with the ".dat" filename extension (e.g."dpaint.dat", 26 "MarbleMadness!.dat"). A sample command line for The Decoder would be as 27 follows 28 29 "decoder df1:c/dpaint.date ram:dpaint" 30 31 After the decoder is finished you will want to delete the .dat file from your source 32 disk and then copy the decrypted version to version to the root directory of your 33 source disk. You may need to use the AmigaDOS "Protect" command to c(Shange 34 the deletion status of the ".dat" file before you can delete it. 35 36 An example of doing this would be: 37 38 "protect df1:c/dpaint.date rwed" 39 "delete df1:c/dpaint.dat". 9 1 "copy ram:dpaint df1:dpaint" 2 3 You can run the new version of "dpaint" just like the old version, except it will no 4 longer perform its rather lengthy prologue and verification. )~mCAfter decryption you will 5 need to experiment to determine exactly what files need to be copied or renamed in 6 each case for hard-disk installation. 7 8 DiskErr: 9 10 The DiskErr program is a convenient way of checking whether or not a disk contains 11 unreadable data. Starting the program causes it to scan sequentially across the disk 12 looking for nonstandard data. If any non AmigaDOS track data is encountered during 13 the scan DiskErr will print the locati=has completed the backup process it will display a requester 26 with the message "Copy finished", and you may click the left mouse button in the 27 requester's "CONTINUE" gadget to proceed. 28 29 The Status Display: 30 31 To inform you of the current state of the copy process a status display is provided on 32 the MARAUDER II screen. It is located on the monitor of the miniature Amiga at 33 screen left. When MARAUDER II is idle the monitor is blank. At other times, t0the 34 monitor screen will display the status of the copy in progress and will relay theresults 35 of drive selection operations. Error messages concerning illogical placement of disk 36 icons can also be expected from time to time. 37 38 Once MARAUDER II has been activated with the START gadget the monitor screen 39 becomes the prime feedback mechanism for the copy process. The name of the 5 1 source R=drive will be displayed near the top, and the destination drive's name near the 2 bottom. Under each of these will be displayed the status of that drive, either reading 3 or writing, and the track and side involved. If the information on any track of the 4 source disk is not in Amiga DOS format the reading drive's status will indicate "Not a 5 DOS Track". Depending on the nature of the source track the monitor display may 6 indicate that the read in progress is beinJ2g retried. This will be a common occurrence 7 when copying protected disks of various types and many also occur if the source disk 8 is faulty. When making multiple copies with one drive acting as both source and 9 destination, only the status of the source drive will be displayed during disk reads. 10 Otherwise, the monitor will display both reading and writing status at once. During 11 the Write, the names of all drives involved will be displayed on by one as each iGs 12 written to. Likewise, the monitor will display which side of each disk is beingwritten. 13 14 MultiCopying: 15 16 MARAUDER II has the capability to make up to four simultaneous copies from a 17 single original. It can also make multiple sets of duplicates without having to re-read 18 the original. These features make it possible to use MARAUDER II as the core of an 19 economical and efficient disk reproduction system. User group producing large 20 numbers of pJ\Rublic domain library disks can use MARAUDER II to speed up the 21 tedious and time consuming duplications process. Commercial software houses may 22 find that MARAUDER II presents an attractive alternative to expensive software 23 reproduction services. 24 25 To make multiple simultaneous copies, simply select more than one target drive 26 using the drive selection procedures described above. MARAUDER II will prompt 27 you when it's necessary to swap disks. 28 29 IfU your system has one megabyte or more expansion memory, then it may be most 30 efficient to use all your drives as target drives since it will be possible for 31 MARAUDER II to read the entire source disk into memory. After MARAUDER II has 32 completed making each set of copies you will be asked if you would like to make 33 more copies of the same disk. You can click on the"CONTINUE" gadget to make an 34 additional set of copies without having to read the source disk agaiO2n. You may 35 instead click the "CANCEL" gadget to terminate the copy process. 36 37 38 39 6 1 If You Have Only One Drive: 2 3 The backup operation will require several swaps of the original and duplicate disks 4 before it is completed. Requesters will be displayed indicating when it is time to 5 swap the disks. Pay close attention to each requester's instructions as the are 6 displayed. 7 D8 Index Sync Option: 9 10 Turning Index Sync "on" from the Options menu directs MARAUDER II to align the 11 physical starting position of each data track with the index hole in the diskette. This 12 option may need to be set to copy some software correctly, but it will substantially 13 increase the time necessary to copy a disk with MARAUDER II. For most of your 14 backup needs Index Sync is neither required or recommended. 15 16 17 Verification Option: 18 19 Turning Verification "on" from the Options menu directs MARAUDER II to attempt to 20 verify its work. The MARAUDER II does this by comparing the data written to the 21 target disk with the data read from the source disk. Use of this option does not 22 guarantee a successful copy of some protected or damaged disks, but it may 23 help you detect a defective target disk. If there's a problem, the Verification option 24 causes verify-related error messages to be displayed in the "copy finished" 25 requester. The first error message indicates that the source disk contained 26 unreadable data. The second error message indicates that the target disk couldn't 27 written to. This may be due to damage on the source or target disks, respectively. 28 These errors may not be fatal. Keep in that that the best test of whether a copy 29 works is to try to use it. Verification is intended primarily for those using 30 MARAUDER II for mass duplication. )I4914-121-1111 WILL GET YOU A NY INWARD. THE ONLY PROBLEM IS THAT A 0 OR 1 AS THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE EXCHANGE IS USUALLY *PROHIBITED IN CUSTOMER DIALING. SOMEBODY MAY HAVE "ACCIDENTALLY" CHANGED THIS SCREENING CODE ON YOUR ESS'S COMPUTER, THOUGH -- YOU NEVER KNOW AND IT CAN'T HURT TO TRY. WATS TRANSLATION NUMBERS ALSO TAKE UP SOME OF THE 0XX & 1XX CODES. FINALLY, CERTAIN TONES ON THE BLUE BOX CAN ALSO BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES. AN MF "2" CORRESPONDS TO COIN COLLECT WHILE "KP" CORR*xESPONDS TO COIN RETURN. THUS EVERY BLUE BOX IS ALSO A GREEN BOX (SEE TELCOM VI). COMING SOON: ------------ TELECOMM VIII WILL DEAL WITH CORDLESS PHONES, MOBILE PHONES, AND OTHER NEAT THINGS. THINGS, SEND ADDITIONAL DIGITS AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS, SEND TOUCH-TONE, SEND IT 2600 HZ, RIP IT APART. YOU NEVER KNOW, YOU MAY RUN INTO SOMETHING PHUN, LIKE A COMPUTER THAT CHECKS CC NUMBERS. INCIDENTALLY, IN SOME EXCHANGE YOU CAN DIAL INWARDS AND OTHER BOX CODES DIRECTLY! FOR EXAMPLE,  cX7 3 1 MARAUDER II copy process. You will also see images of an Original and a Copy 2 disk as well as a set of gadgets for selecting Source and Target drives. 3 4 5 Selecting Source and Target Drives: 6 7 Before backing up a disk it is necessary to select which disk drive will contain the 8 source disk and which drives will contain target disks. On single drive systems the 9 source and target drives must necessarily be  athe same and are both selected as the 10 internal drive by default. On systems with one or more external drives the default 11 selection uses the internal drive as the source and the first external drive as the 12 target. You do not need to make any more selections if you wish to use these default 13 settings. 14 15 There are two methods from selecting source and target drives in MARAUDER II. First 16 you may click the left mouse button on either of the two disk image s. The disk 17 marked "ORIG" represents the original source disk, and the disk marked "COPY" 18 represents the copy or target disk. After clicking, a copy of the disk image will 19 attach itself to the mouse pointer. You may then move the mouse pointer over the 20 desired disk drive and click the left mouse button again to select that drive. If 21 the drive is available for use the disk image will detach itself from the pointer, slip 22 into the drive, and a message w=}(ill be displayed on the miniature Amiga monitor to 23 indicate your selection. If the desired drive is not attached to the system or isalready 24 in use a message will be displayed on the miniature Amiga monitor to indicate the 25 problem. You can let go of an attached disk without making a selection by clicking 26 the left mouse button anywhere on the rainbow background of the screen. The 27 attached disk image will then disappear into the rainbow. 28 29 The alternatJ\mie method of drive selection is to click the left mouse button on any of 30 the gadgets in the "Source" and "Target" gadgets arrays. These arrays are labeled 31 "DF0:", "DF1:", "DF2:", and "DF3:", which represent the internal drive, and the first, 32 second, and third external drives respectively. Selected drives are represented by 33 green gadgets and unselected drives are represented by red gadgets. A 34 previously selected target drive may be deselected by clicking theD5T left mouse 35 button on its green-hilighted gadget. The "Source" drive cannot be deselected, but it 36 can be changed by clicking on another drive gadget. 37 38 39 4 1 Starting the Copy: 2 3 After you have selected the source and target drives you wish to use, you are ready 4 to start the MARAUDER II copy process. This is easy to do, just click the left mouse 5 button on the MARAUDER II "START" gadget. A requester will appear on the 6 screen displaying your source and target drive choices. If the displayed choices 7 are not the ones you wish to use you may cancel at this time by clicking the left 8 mouse button on the3 requester's "CANCEL" gadget. Otherwise, you should make 9 sure that the disk to be copied is located in the selected source drive and that the 10 disks to become duplicates are located in their respective target drives. If you have 11 sel>p|ected any of your drives as both source and target, then that drive will initially 12 serve as the source, and a requester will appear, prompting you to insert a target 13 disk at the appropriate time. When the proper disks are in the proper drives, click the 14 left mouse button on the requester's "CONTINUE" gadget to proceed. 15 16 It is important to note that the previous contents of a disk are irretrievably lost whenit 17 is used as a target disk for MARAUDER II. You @e,must be certain not to copy onto a 18 disk containing programs or data which you will need later. There is no way to 19 recover information from a disk which has been inadvertently copied onto, so 20 please be careful. Various conditions and events may cause MARAUDER II to 21 display requesters requiring your input or attention. When such a requester 22 appears you should follow the indicated instructions to continue or cancel as you 23 wish. 24 25 When MARAUDER II ss ... INWARD OPERATOR CITY CODES USUALLY, THE INWARD OPERATOR FOR AN AREA IS SIMPLY KP + NPA + 121 + ST. IN SOME AREA CODES, THOUGH, THERE ARE SEVERAL LARGE CITIES AND THUS SEVERAL INWARDS. TO FIND THE INWARD FOR A SPECIFIC CITY, YOU WOULD SAY "916 756, OPERATOR ROUTE, PLEASE" TO THE R&R OPERATOR WHO WILL THEN TELL YOU "916 PLUS 001 PLUS." THIS MEANS THAT KP+ 916 + 001 + 121 + ST WILL GET YOU AN INWARD FOR SACRAMENTO, CA (916-756). ... CITY NAMES IF YOU WANT TO KNOW THE CITY W NTHAT CORRESPONDS TO AN AREA CODE AND EXCHANGE, YOU SIMPLY TELL THE R&R, "PLACE NAME, 914 390, PLEASE." IN THIS EXAMPLE, THE R&R OPERATOR WILL RESPOND WITH "WHITE PLAINS, NY." ... INTERNATIONAL DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE IF YOU NEED A DIRECTORY ROUTE FOR LONDON, YOU COULD SAY "INTERNATIONAL, LONDON, ENGLAND. TSPS DIRECTORY ROUTE, PLEASE." THE R&R OPERATOR WILL RESPOND WITH "DIRECTORY TO LONDON, ENGLAND. COUNTRY CODE 44 PLUS 1 PLUS 986 PLUS 3611." THEREFORE TO GET A DA OPERATOR IN LON >:DON, YOU WOULD ROUTE YOURSELF TO AN INTERNATIONAL SENDER AND KP + 04419863611 + ST. ... COUNTRY & CITY CODES IF YOU NEED TO KNOW THE COUNTRY AND CITY CODE FOR AN INTERNATIONAL NUMBER YOU CAN SAY "INTERNATIONAL, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, TSPS NUMBERS ROUTE, PLEASE" AND GET "COUNTRY CODE 61 PLUS 2." ... INTERNATIONAL INWARDS ROUTES TO GET ROUTING CODES FOR INTERNATIONAL INWARDS SAY "INTERNATIONAL, LONDON, ENGLAND, TSPS INWARD ROUTE, PLEASE." THE R&R OPERATOR WILL RESPOND WITH "COUNTRY!mo7 CODE 44 PLUS 121." FINALLY, TO GET LANGUAGE ASSISTANCE FOR COMPLETING A FOREIGN CALL YOU CAN TELL THE FOREIGN INWARD, "UNITED STATES CALLING. LANGUAGE ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING A CALL TO (CALLED PARTY) AT (CALLED NUMBER)." 151 -- OVERSEAS INCOMING (212 + & 914+) 160-XX0 -- VARIOUS OVERSEAS OPERATORS 161 -- TROUBLE REPORTING OPERATOR (DEFUNCT) 181 -- COIN REFUND OPERATOR 18X -- OVERSEAS SENDERS TO MAKE AN INTERNATIONAL"D CALL, ONE WOULD KP + 011 + 0CC + ST WHERE CC IS THE COUNTRY CODE. THIS WILL ROUTE YOU TO THE APPROPRIATE OVERSEAS SENDER. YOU WILL THEN RECEIVE A 480 HZ DIAL TONE. HERE YOU ENTER KP + 0CC + CITY CODE + LOCAL NUMBER + ST AND THE CALL IS ON ITS WAY. COUNTRY CODES CAN BE EITHER 1, 2, OR 3 DIGITS BUT THEY MUST BE PADDED FOR THREE DIGITS TO CREATE A PSEUDO-COUNTRY CODE WITH EXTRA ZERO'S IF NECESSARY. FOR EXAMPLE, ENGLAND, COUNTRY CODE 44, BECOMES 044. TO SEE WHICH INTERNATIONAL SEN#W6DER A CERTAIN COUNTRY (LETS USE FRENCH GUIANA, COUNTRY CODE 594, FOR EXAMPLE) GOES THROUGH, YOU CAN DIAL KP + 011 + 594 + ST, WAIT FOR THE PROCEED TO SEND TONE THEN KP + 000 + 0000 + ST AND YOU WILL RECEIVE A RECORDING SAYING WHICH ISC (INTERNATIONAL SWITCHING CENTER) IT IS. FOR THE EXAMPLE IT WILL SAY, "THIS IS THE INTERNATIONAL SWITCHING CENTER IN PITTSBURG, PA -- THIS IS A RECORDING - 4121." YOU CAN ACTUALLY ROUTE CALLS TO CERTAIN SENDERS YOURSELF (KP + NPA + 18X + ST) BUT IT IS$tѐ BETTER OFF NOT TO SINCE IT MAY LOOK SUSPICIOUS IF A CALL IS SENT THROUGH A SENDER THAT IT SHOULDN'T GO THROUGH. HERE ARE THE SENDERS: 182 -- WHITE PLAINS, NY 183 -- NEW YORK, NY 184 -- PITTSBURG, PA 185 -- ORLANDO, FL 186 -- OAKLAND, CA 187 -- DENVER, CO 188 -- NEW YORK, NY ALSO, THERE TENDS TO BE ALOT OF TALK ABOUT THE CODE 11, CODE 12, KP2, STP, ST3P, & ST2P KEYS. WHILE THEY DO EXIST THE BLUE BOXER NEED NOT CONCERN HIMSELF WITH THEM. THE FIRST THREE ARE USED ON CCITT%-^ SYSTEM 5. THIS IS THE SIGNALING SYSTEM THAT THE INTERNATIONAL SENDERS USE TO SEND INFORMATION TO OTHER COUNTRIES. THESE CODES ARE USUALLY ADDED AUTOMATICALLY JUST LIKE THE LANGUAGE ASSISTANCE DIGIT [WHICH DISTINGUISHES OPERATOR (OR BLUE BOX) DIALED CALLS FROM CUSTOMER DIALED CALLS]. THE STP, ST3P, & ST2P TONES ARE USED WHEN EQUIPMENT IS COMMUNICATING WITH THE TSPS. THESE ALSO ARE AUTOMATICALLY ADDED WHEN NEEDED IN MOST CASES. [SEE TELCOM III FOR MORE ON INTERNATIONAL SWITCHING&h%F CENTERS (ISC)] 11XXX -- MISCELLANEOUS OPERATORS 11501 -- UNIVERSAL CORDBOARD OPERATOR 11511 -- CONFERENCE OPERATOR 11521 -- MOBILE OPERATOR 11531 -- MARINE OPERATOR 11541 -- LD INCOMING SWITCHBOARD 11551 -- LEAVE WORD FOR TIME & CHARGES (NEAT STUFF) 11561 -- SAME AS 11551 BUT FOR HOTEL/MOTELS 11571 -- OVERSEAS OPERATORS -- LANGUAGE ASSISTANCE THE 11XXX SERIES IS INTERESTING SCANNING MATERIAL. MISCEL'LANEOUS ROUTING CODES : ----------------------------- ALLIANCE TELECONFERENCING HAS SEVERAL NUMBERS, A FEW OF WHICH ARE LISTED BELOW: KP + 213 0=`XXXX + ST KP + 305 025 XXXX + ST KP + 312 001 XXXX + ST XXXX = 1050, 1100, OR A FEW OTHERS ALSO, AT KP + 317 009 + ST THERE IS A MF TONE CHECKER. AFTER THE BEEP-KERCLUNK, DIAL IN KP + 999 1234567 890 + ST AND IT WILL REPEAT THE DIGITS THAT YOU PULSED IF THEY ARE OF THE RIGHT FREQUENCY. TANDEM SCANNING: ---------------- TO FIND (!TQALL SORTS OF INTERESTING THINGS, YOU MUST LOOK. BEGIN SCANNING THREE DIGIT CODES IN YOUR AREA (I.E., KP + 000 + ST, KP + 001 + ST, ETC.). KEEP TRACK OF ALL OF YOUR RESULTS. SOMETIMES YOU MUST PROBE THINGS, SEND ADDITIONAL DIGITS AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS, SEND TOUCH-TONE, SEND IT 2600 HZ, RIP IT APART. YOU NEVER KNOW, YOU MAY RUN INTO SOMETHING PHUN, LIKE A COMPUTER THAT CHECKS CC NUMBERS. INCIDENTALLY, IN SOME EXCHANGE YOU CAN DIAL INWARDS AND OTHER BOX CODES DIRECTLY! FOR EXAMPLE, 蝋 WHILE BEING IMPLEMENTED GRADUALLY, THIS MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR PROJECT IS STILL STRANGLING THE FINE ART OF BLUE BOXING. OF COURSE UNTIL THE PROJECT IS TOTALLY COMPLETE, BOXING WILL STILL BE POSSIBLE. IT WILL BECOME PROGRESSIVELY HARDER TO FIND PLACES TO BOX OFF OF, THOUGH. IN AREAS WITH CCIS, ONE MUST FIND A DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE OFFICE THAT DOESN'T HAVE CCIS YET. AREA CODES IN CANADA AND PREDOMINATELY RURAL STATES ARE THE BEST BETS. WATS NUMBERS TERMINATING IN NON-CCIS CITIES ARE pALSO GOOD PROSPECTS. PINK NOISE: ----------- ANOTHER WAY THAT MAY HELP TO AVOID DETECTION IS TOO ADD SOME "PINK NOISE" TO THE 2600 HZ TONE. SINCE 2600 HZ TONES CAN BE SIMULATED IN SPEECH, THE DETECTION EQUIPMENT MUST BE CAREFUL NOT TO MISINTERPRET SPEECH AS A DISCONNECT SIGNAL. THUS A VIRTUALLY PURE 2600 HZ TONE IS REQUIRED FOR DISCONNECT. KEEPING THIS IN MIND, THE 2600 HZ DETECTION EQUIPMENT IS ALSO PROBABLY LOOKING FOR PURE 2600 HZ OR ELSE IS WOULD BE TRIGGERED EVERY TIME WSOMEONE HIT THAT NOTE (HIGHEST E ON A PIANO = 2637 HZ). THIS IS ALSO THE REASON THAT THE 2600 HZ TONE MUST BE SENT RAPIDLY; SOMETIMES, IT WON'T WORK WHEN THE OPERATOR IS SAYING "HELLO, HELLO." IT IS FEASIBLE TO SEND SOME "PINK NOISE" ALONG WITH THE 2600 HZ. MOST OF THIS ENERGY SHOULD BE ABOVE 3000 HZ. THE PINK NOISE WON'T MAKE IT INTO THE TOLL NETWORK (WHERE WE WANT OUR PURE 2600 HZ TO HIT) BUT IT SHOULD MAKE IT PAST THE LOCAL CO AND THUS THE FRAUD DETECTORS. CONSTRUCTION: ----[B--------- WHILE STEP-BY-STEP DETAILS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BLUE BOX IS BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS TUTORIAL, IT IS WORTHWHILE TO MENTION SOME OF THE DETAILS. FIRST THERE ARE SOME ALTERNATIVES BUT THEY ARE NOT AS GOOD AS AN ACTUAL BLUE BOX. MANY COMPUTERS ARE CAPABLE OF GENERATING MF TONES. THUS, YOUR LOCAL PHRIENDLY SOFTWARE PIRATE SHOULD HAVE A PROGRAM COMPATIBLE FOR YOUR COMPUTER. HOWEVER, IT IS HIGHLY ADVISABLE NOT TO BOX FROM HOME AS STATED IN THE TEN COMMANDMENTS (AS INOYTERPRETED FOR PHREAKS BY FRED STEINBECK -- TAP #86). I. BOX THOU NOT OVER THINE HOME TELEPHONE WIRES, FOR THOSE WHO DOEST MUST SURELY BRING THE FULL WRATH OF THE CHIEF SPECIAL AGENT DOWN UPON THY HEADS. ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE THAT HAS A MODERATE SUCCESS RATE INVOLVES RECORDING THE TONES FROM A PHRIEND WITH A BOX OR COMPUTER ONTO A CASSETTE TAPE. THEY CAN THEN BE USED AT A FORTRESS. AS FOR ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, TAP HAS DEVOTED MANY ISSUES TO BLUE BOXING.> BASICALLY, A BLUE BOX IS MERELY A DEVICE CAPABLE OF GENERATING TWO DIFFERENT TONES SIMULTANEOUSLY. THERE ARE TWO BASIC CONSTRUCTION METHODS THAT I WILL OUTLINE BELOW FOR THE ELECTRONICS HOBBYIST. THE FIRST INVOLVES THE USE OF TWO 555 TIMER CHIPS (OR A 556 -- I.E., TWO 555'S IN ONE CHIP). IT OFFERS EXCELLENT FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE STABILITY. ALSO, IT DOES NOT NEED A DIODE MATRIX KEYPAD BUT USED DOUBLE- POLE SWITCHES INSTEAD. SCHEMATICS FOR THIS TYPE OF BOX CAN BE FOUND IN TAP IS֎+SUE #29. THE OTHER COMMON BOX MAKES USE OF TWO INTERSIL 8038CC FUNCTION GENERATORS. IT ALSO REQUIRES A DIODE MATRIX KEYPAD, POTENTIOMETERS, AN LM-100 VOLTAGE REGULATOR, A 741 OP-AMP, AND A HANDFUL OF OTHER PARTS. THE SCHEMATICS FOR THIS TYPE OF BLUE BOX CAN BE FOUND IN TAP #26. BOTH DESIGNS DRAW ABOUT 20 MA OF CURRENT. ALSO, MOST BLUE BOXES USE TELEPHONE EARPIECES (WITH THE VARISTOR REMOVED) FOR SPEAKERS. THESE CAN BE EASILY LIBERATED FROM FORTRESS FONES WITH A SMALL COPING SIAW. USUALLY, THE HARDEST PART ABOUT BUILDING A BLUE BOX IS THE CALIBRATION. A FREQUENCY COUNTER IS A MUST AND AN OSCILLOSCOPE WON'T HURT. SOME BOXES ALSO TAKE TIMING INTO ACCOUNT. IT IS FEASIBLE ON THE ESS SYSTEMS THAT THEY CHECK TO SEE IF THE DIGITS ARE OF UNIFORM LENGTH. IF THEY AREN'T, THEY ARE PROBABLY FROM A BLUE BOX AND A TROUBLE CARD MAY BE DROPPED. WITH THIS IN MIND, THE BELL STANDARD FOR MF PULSES AND INTERDIGIT INTERVALS IS AROUND 75 MS. IT VARIES WITH THE EQUIPMENT iUSED SINCE ESS CAN HANDLE HIGHER SPEEDS AND DOESN'T NEED INTERDIGIT INTERVALS. APPLICATIONS: ------------- BESIDES DIALING NORMAL CALLS FREE, I.E., KP+NPA+NNX+XXXX+ST, BLUE BOXES OFFER THE ENTIRE NETWORK FOR EXPLORATION. EMERGENCY BREAK-INS, SERVICE MONITORING (AKA TAPS), STACKING TANDEMS (THE ART OF BUSYING OUT ALL TRUNKS BETWEEN TWO POINTS), RE-ROUTING CALLS, CONFERENCE CALLS, AND MUCH, MUCH MORE ARE ALL FEASIBLE. ALTHOUGH, BELL FREQUENTLY CHANGES THESE CODES DUE TO PHREAKS. Tۜ> HERE ARE SOME STANDARD ONES, THOUGH: OPERATOR & OTHER CODES: ----------------------- (AN OPTIONAL NPA MAY PROCEED ALL OF THE NUMBERS; OTHERWISE, YOU WILL REACH THE ONE LOCAL FOR THE AREA WHERE THE CALL IS ORIGINATED) 001 -- TRUNK ACCESS SYSTEM 009 -- RATE QUOTE SYSTEM 101 -- TOLL OFFICE TEST BOARD 121 -- INWARD OPERATOR THIS OPERATOR ASSISTS THE LOCAL "0" OPERATOR IN COMPLETING CALLS. (S)HE WILL DO VIRTUALLY ANYTHING FOR YOU PROVIDING IT IS b)WITHIN HER NPA. 131 -- OPERATOR DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE 141 -- ROUT & RATE (141 DEFUNCT -- USE KP + 800 + 141 + 1212 + ST) THESE OPERATORS ARE VERY USEFUL IF YOU KNOW HOW TO MUMBLE A FEW CRYPTIC PHRASES AS COMPILED BELOW (WITH THANKS TO FRED STEINBECK): TO FIND OUT... ...AREA CODES FOR EXAMPLE SAY , "MIAMI, FLORIDA, NUMBERS ROUTE, PLEASE." THE R&R OPERATOR WILL TELL YOU "305 PLUS," MEANING THAT 305 PLUS THE SEVEN DIGIT NUMBER WILL GET YOU MIAMI. _ IS SECURED ON ALL FOUR SIDE BY HARDENED STEEL BOLTS WHICH PASS THROUGH TWO SLOTS EACH. THESE BOLTS ARE IN TURN INTERLOCKED BY THE MAIN LOCK. ONE PHREAK I KNOW DID MANAGE TO TAKE ONE OF THE 'MOTHERS' HOME (WHICH WAS ATTACHED TO A PIECE OF PLYWOOD AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE; OTHERWISE, THE PERMANENT ONES ARE A BITCH TO DETACH FROM THE WALL!). IT TOOK HIM ALMOST TEN HOURS TO OPEN THE COIN BOX USING A POWER DRILL, SLEDGE HAMMERS, AND CROW BARS (WHICH WAS EMPTY -- PERHAPS NEXT TIME, HE W/hcILL DEPOSIT A COIN FIRST TO HEAR IF IT SLUSHES DOWN NICELY OR HITS THE EMPTY BOTTOM WITH A CLUNK.) TAKING THE FONE OFFERS A HIGHER MARGIN OF SUCCESS. ALTHOUGH THIS MAY BE DIFFICULT OFTEN REQUIRING BRUTE FORCE AND THERE HAS BEEN SEVERAL CASES OF BACK AXLES BEING LOST TRYING TO TAKE DOWN A FONE! A QUICK AND DIRTY WAY TO OPEN THE COIN BOX IS BY USING A SHOTGUN. IN DETROIT, AFTER ECOLOGISTS CLEANED OUT A MUNICIPAL POND, THEY FOUND 168 COIN PHONE RIFLED. IN COLDER AREAS, SUCH AS CAÐ NADA, SOME SHREWD PEOPLE TAPE UP THE FONES USING DUCT TAPE, POUR IN WATER, AND COME BACK THE NEXT DAY WHEN THE WATER WILL HAVE FROZE THUS EXPANDING AND CRACKING THE FONE OPEN. IN ONE CASE, "UNAUTHORIZED COIN COLLECTORS" WHERE CAUGHT WHEN THEY BROUGHT $6,000 IN CHANGE TO A BANK AND THE BANK BECAME SUSPICIOUS... AT ANY RATE, THE MAIN LOCK IS AN EIGHT LEVEL TUMBLER LOCATED ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE COIN BOX. THIS LOCK HAS 390,625 POSSIBLE POSITIONS (5 ^ 8, SINCE THERE ARE 8 TUMBLERSj/5C EACH WITH 5 POSSIBLE POSITIONS) THUS IT IS HIGHLY PICK RESISTANT! THE LOCK IS HELD IN PLACE BY 4 SCREWS.G THE FONE OFFERS A HIGHER MARGIN OF SUCCESS. ALTHOUGH THIS MAY BE DIFFICULT OFTEN REQUIRING BRUTE FORCE AND THERE HAS BEEN SEVERAL CASES OF BACK AXLES BEING LOST TRYING TO TAKE DOWN A FONE! A QUICK AND DIRTY WAY TO OPEN THE COIN BOX IS BY USING A SHOTGUN. IN DETROIT, AFTER ECOLOGISTS CLEANED OUT A MUNICIPAL POND, THEY FOUND 168 COIN PHONE RIFLED. IN COLDER AREAS, SUCH AS CA y>L STUDENTS AND EVEN A MILLIONAIRE FINANCIER (BERNARD CORNFELD) USING THE DEVICE. AT&T ALSO SAID THAT NEARLY HALF OF THOSE THAT THEY CATCH ARE BUSINESSMEN. OF COURSE, PHONE PHREAKS HAVE ACHIEVED AN ALMOST CULT STATUS. THEY HAVE ALSO HAD THEIR FAIR SHARE OF MEDIA. IN OCTOBER 1971, ESQUIRE PUBLISHED THE INFAMOUS "SECRETS OF THE LITTLE BLUE BOX" ARTICLE WHICH FEATURED PHREAKS SUCH AS CAPTAIN CRUNCH, WHO TOOK HIS NAME FROM THE CEREAL WHICH ONE GAVE AWAY WHISTLES THAT PRODUCED A PERFE 8̺CT 2600 HZ PITCH; JOE ENGRESSIA, THE BLIND PHREAK; AND MARK BERNAY, ONE OF THE NATION'S FIRST AND OLDEST PHREAKS. OTHERS SUCH AS APPLE COMPUTER CO-FOUNDERS STEVE WOZNIAK & STEVE JOBS HAVE ALSO HAD BLUE BOX BACKGROUNDS. 1971 ALSO SAW THE PUBLICATION OF THE FIRST ISSUE OF YIPL, THE PHONE PHREAK NEWSLETTER, (NOW TAP) UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF SUPREME YIPPIE ABBIE HOFFMAN. USAGE: ------ TO USE A BLUE BOX, ONE WOULD USUALLY MAKE A FREE CALL TO ANY 800 NUMBER OR DISTANT DIRECTORY ASSISTA-NCE (NPA-555- 1212). THIS, OF COURSE, IS LEGITIMATE. WHEN THE CALL IS ANSWERED, ONE WOULD THEN SWIFTLY PRESS THE BUTTON THAT WOULD SEND 2600 HZ DOWN THE LINE. THIS HAS THE EFFECT OF MAKING THE DISTANT CO EQUIPMENT THINK THAT THE CALL WAS TERMINATED AND IT LEAVES THE TRUNK HANGING. NOW, THE USER HAS ABOUT 10 SECONDS TO ENTER IN THE TELEPHONE NUMBER HE WISHED TO DIAL -- IN MF, THAT IS. THE CO EQUIPMENT MERELY ASSUMES THAT THIS CAME FROM ANOTHER OFFICE AND IT WILL HAPPILY PROCESS THE CALL. SINCE THERE ARE NO RECORDS (EXCEPT ON TOLL FRAUD DETECTION DEVICES!) OF THESE MF TONES, THE USER IS NOT BILLED FOR THE CALL. WHEN THE USER HANGS UP, THE CO EQUIPMENT SIMPLY RECORDS THAT HE HUNG UP ON A FREE CALL. DETECTION: ---------- BELL HAS HAD 20 YEARS TO WORK ON DETECTION DEVICES; THEREFORE, IN THIS DAY AND AGE, THEY ARE RATHER WELL REFINED. BASICALLY, THE DETECTION DEVICE WILL LOOK FOR THE PRESENCE OF 2600 HZ WHERE IT DOES NOT BELONG. IT THEN RECORDS THE CALLING 1HhNUMBER AND ALL ACTIVITY AFTER THE 2600 HZ. IF YOU HAPPEN TO BE AT A FORTRESS FONE, THOUGH, AND YOU MAKE THE CALL SHORT, YOUR CHANCES OF GETTING CAUGHT ARE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED (SEE TELCOM VI). INCIDENTALLY, THERE HAVE BEEN RUMORS OF CERTAIN TEST NUMBERS (SEE TELCOM II) THAT HOOK DIRECTLY INTO TRUNKS THUS AVOIDING THE NEED FOR 2600 HZ AND DETECTION! ANOTHER WAY THAT BELL CATCHES BOXERS IS TO EXAMINE THE CAMA (CENTRALIZED AUTOMATIC MESSAGE ACCOUNTING) TAPES. WHEN YOU MAKE A CALL, YOUR NUMBER, THE CALLED NUMBER, AND TIME OF DAY ARE ALL RECORDED. THE SAME THING HAPPENS WHEN YOU HANG UP. THIS TAPE IS THEN PROCESSED FOR BILLING PURPOSES. NORMALLY, ALL FREE CALLS ARE IGNORED. BUT BELL CAN PROGRAM THE BILLING EQUIPMENT TO MAKE NOTE OF LENGTHY CALLS TO DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE. THEY CAN THEN PUT A PEN REGISTER (AKA DNR) ON THE LINE OR AN ACTUAL FULL-BLOWN TAP. THIS DETECTION CAN BE AVOIDED BY MAKING SHORT-HAUL (AKA LOCAL) CALLS TO BOX OFF OF. IT IS INTERESTING TO N[^OTE THAT NPA+555- 1212 ORIGINALLY DID NOT RETURN ANSWER SUPERVISION. THUS THE CALLS WERE NOT RECORDED ON THE AMA/CAMA TAPES. AT&T CHANGED THIS THOUGH FOR "TRAFFIC STUDIES!" CCIS: ----- BESIDES DETECTION DEVICES, BELL HAS BEGUN TO GRADUALLY REDESIGN THE NETWORK USING OUT-OF-BAND SIGNALING. THIS IS KNOWN AS COMMON CHANNEL INTER-OFFICE SIGNALING (CCIS). SINCE THIS SIGNALING METHOD SENDS ALL THE SIGNALING INFORMATION OVER SEPARATE DATA LINES, BLUE BOXING IS IMPOSSIBLE UNDER IT. &!ING THE COIN RELEASE LEVER. IF THE SLUG MIRACULOUSLY SURVIVES THE GAMUT, IT WILL THEN STRIKE THE APPROPRIATE TOTALIZER ARM CAUSING A RATCHET WHEEL TO ROTATE ONCE FOR EVERY 5-CENT INCREMENT (EG, A QUARTER WILL CAUSE IT TO ROTATE 5 TIMES). THE TOTALIZER THEN CAUSES THE COIN SIGNAL OSCILLATOR TO READOUT A DUAL- FREQUENCY SIGNAL INDICATING THE VALUE DEPOSITED TO ACTS (A COMPUTER) OR THE TSPS OPERATOR. THESE ARE THE SAME TONES USED BY PHREAKS IN THE INFAMOUS RED BOXES. FOR A QUARTER0E, 5 BEEP TONES ARE OUTPULSED AT 12-17 PULSES PER SECOND (PPS). A DIME CAUSES 2 BEEP TONES AT 5 - 8.5 PPS WHILE A NICKEL CAUSES ONE BEEP TONE AT 5 - 8.5 PPS. A BEEP CONSISTS OF 2 TONES: 2200 + 1700 HZ. A RELAY IN THE FORTRESS CALLED THE "B RELAY" (YES, THERE IS ALSO AN 'A RELAY') PLACES A CAPACITOR ACROSS THE SPEECH CIRCUIT DURING TOTALIZER READ- OUT TO PREVENT THE "CUSTOMER" FROM HEARING THE RED BOX TONES. IN OLDER 3 SLOT PHONES: ONE BELL (1050 -1100 HZ) FOR A NICKEL, TWO BELRLS FOR A DIME, AND ONE GONG (800 HZ) FOR A QUARTER ARE USED INSTEAD OF THE MODERN DUAL-FREQUENCY TONES. ============= =TSPS & ACTS= ============= WHILE FORTRESSES ARE CONNECTED TO THE CO OF THE AREA, ALL TRANSACTIONS ARE HANDLED VIA THE TRAFFIC SERVICE POSITION SYSTEM (TSPS). IN AREAS THAT DO NOT HAVE ACTS, ALL CALLS THAT REQUIRE OPERATOR ASSISTANCE, SUCH AS CALLING CARD AND COLLECT, ARE AUTOMATICALLY ROUTED TO A TSPS OPERATOR POSITION. IN AN EFFORT TO AUTOMATE FORTRESS SERVICjB E, A COMPUTER SYSTEM KNOWN AS AUTOMATED COIN TOLL SERVICE (ACTS) HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED IN MANY AREAS. ACTS LISTENS TO THE RED BOX SIGNALS FROM THE FONES AND TAKES APPROPRIATE ACTION. IT IS ACTS WHICH SAYS, "TWO DOLLARS PLEASE (PAUSE) PLEASE DEPOSIT TWO DOLLARS FOR THE NEXT TEN SECONDS" (AND OTHER VARIATIONS). ALSO, IF YOU TALK FOR MORE THAN THREE MINUTES AND THEN HANG-UP, ACTS WILL CALL BACK AND DEMAND YOUR MONEY. ACTS IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR AUTOMATED CALLING CARD SERVICE. ACTS  TALSO PROVIDE TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR CRAFTSPEOPLE (REPAIRMEN SPECIALIZING IN FORTRESSES). FOR EXAMPLE, THERE IS A COIN TEST WHICH IS GREAT FOR TUNING UP RED BOXES. IN MANY AREAS THIS TEST CAN BE ACTIVATED BY DIALING 09591230 AT A FORTRESS (THANKS TO KARL MARX FOR THIS INFORMATION). ONCE ACTIVATED IT WILL REQUEST THAT YOU DEPOSIT VARIOUS COINS. IT WILL THEN IDENTIFY THE COIN AND OUTPULSE THE APPROPRIATE RED BOX SIGNAL. THE COINS ARE USUALLY RETURNED WHEN YOU HANG UP. TO MAKE SURE  ѽ THAT THERE IS ACTUALLY MONEY IN THE FONE, THE CO INITIATES A "GROUND TEST" AT VARIOUS TIMES TO DETERMINE IF A COIN IS ACTUALLY IN THE FONE. THIS IS WHY YOU MUST DEPOSIT AT LEAST A NICKEL IN ORDER TO USE A RED BOX! GREEN BOXES: ------------ PAYING THE INITIAL RATE IN ORDER TO USE A RED BOX (ON CERTAIN FORTRESSES) LEFT A SOUR TASTE IN MANY RED BOXER'S MOUTHS THUS THE GREEN BOX WAS INVENTED. THE GREEN BOX GENERATES USEFUL TONES SUCH AS COIN COLLECT, COIN RETURN, AND RINGBACK. THESE  a ARE THE TONES THAT ACTS OR THE TSPS OPERATOR WOULD SEND TO THE CO WHEN APPROPRIATE. UNFORTUNATELY, THE GREEN BOX CANNOT BE USED AT A FORTRESS STATION BUT IT MUST BE USED BY THE CALLED PARTY. HERE ARE THE TONES: COIN COLLECT 700 + 1100 HZ COIN RETURN 1100 + 1700 HZ RINGBACK 700 + 1700 HZ BEFORE THE CALLED PARTY SENDS ANY OF THESE TONES, AN OPERATOR RELEASED SIGNAL SHOULD BE SENT TO ALERT THE MF DETECTORS AT THE CO. THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED  Bz/BY SENDING 900 + 1500 HZ OR A SINGLE 2600 HZ WINK (90 MS) FOLLOWED BY A 60 MS GAP AND THEN THE APPROPRIATE SIGNAL FOR AT LEAST 900 MS. ALSO, DO NOT FORGET THAT THE INITIAL RATE IS COLLECTED SHORTLY BEFORE THE 3 MINUTE PERIOD IS UP. INCIDENTALLY, ONCE THE ABOVE MF TONES FOR COLLECTING AND RETURNING COINS REACH THE CO, THEY ARE CONVERTED INTO AN APPROPRIATE DC PULSE (-130 VOLTS FOR RETURN & +130 VOLTS FOR COLLECT). THIS PULSE IS THEN SENT DOWN THE TIP TO THE FORTRESS. THIS CAUSES  PTHE COIN RELAY TO EITHER RETURN OR COLLECT THE COINS. THE ALLEGED "T-NETWORK" TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THIS INFORMATION. WHEN A PULSE FOR COIN COLLECT (+130 VDC) IS SENT DOWN THE LINE, IT MUST BE GROUNDED SOMEWHERE. THIS IS USUALLY EITHER THE YELLOW OR BLACK WIRE. THUS, IF THE WIRES ARE EXPOSED, THESE WIRES CAN BE CUT TO PREVENT THE PULSE FROM BEING GROUNDED. WHEN THE THREE MINUTE INITIAL PERIOD IS ALMOST UP, MAKE SURE THAT THE BLACK & YELLOW WIRES ARE SEVERED; THEN HANG UP, WAIT ABOW'UT 15 SECONDS IN CASE OF A SECOND PULSE, RECONNECT THE WIRES, PICK UP THE FONE, HANG UP AGAIN, AND IF ALL GOES WELL IT SHOULD BE "JACKPOT" TIME. PHYSICAL ATTACK: ---------------- A TYPICAL FORTRESS WEIGHS ROUGHLY 50 LBS. WITH AN EMPTY COIN BOX. MOST OF THIS IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE ARMOR PLATING. WHY ALL THE SECURITY? WELL, BELL CONTRIBUTES IT TO THE FOLLOWING: "SOCIAL CHANGES DURING THE 1960'S MADE THE MULTISLOT COIN STATION A PRIME TARGET FOR: VANDALISM, STRONG ARM ROBBEfTRY, FRAUD, AND THEFT OF SERVICE. THIS BROUGHT ABOUT THE INTRODUCTION OF THE MORE RUGGED SINGLE SLOT COIN STATION AND A NEW ENVIRONMENT FOR COIN SERVICE." AS FOR PICKING THE LOCK, I WILL QUOTE MR. PHELPS: "WE OFTEN FANTASIZE ABOUT 'PICKING THE LOCK' OR 'GETTING A MASTER KEY.' WELL, YOU CAN FORGET ABOUT IT. I DON'T LIKE TO DISCOURAGE PEOPLE, BUT IT WILL SAVE YOU FROM WASTING ALOT OF YOUR TIME--TIME WHICH CAN BE PUT TO BETTER USE (HEH, HEH)." AS FOR PHYSICAL ATTACK, THE COIN PLATE ,as an induction coil which uses coupling transformers. All of the internal Telco trunks also use 4 wires. It is only the local loop that uses 2 since it is cheaper. A device in the CO known as a hybrid converts between 4 and 2 wire set-ups similar to the induction coil inside the fone. Special data transmission lines require extremely low signal to noise ratios, they require the full four wires--two for transmission and two for receiving (even on the local loop). Miscellaneous: -!釲------------- In the telephone, there is also a balancing network consisting of a few capacitors & resistors which provide sidetone. Sidetone allows the caller to hear his own volume in the receiver. He can then adjust his voice accordingly. This prevents people from shouting or speaking too softly without noticing it. Hold: When a telephone goes off hook, the resistance drops below 2500 ohms. At this point, the Telco will send a dial tone. To put someone on hold you must p"٪Fut a 1000 ohm resistor (1 watt) across the Tip & Ring before it reaches the switchook. In this way, when the fone is hung up (for hold) the resistance remains below 2500 ohms which causes the CO to believe that you are still off-hook. You can build a simple hold device using the following pictoral diagram: / (RED) O-------------------------/ [L1] ! ! ! ! ! ! 1000 Ohm #MXl ! ! Resistor Ringing ! ! Circuit ! ! ! ! / ! Switch- / SPST Switch ! Hook ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !/ (GREEN) O------------------------/ [L2] --> To Rest of Fone This hold device is only effective if you also h$7ޫang up the fone. To make a hold/mute switch, simple connect a wire in place of the 1K resistor to effect a short circuit (who cares if you damage CO equipment?). Conclusion: ----------- NOTE: Many of the electronics components of normal fones (K500) are enclosed in the network box (which shouldn't be opened). I have assumed that the reader has a basic knowledge of electronics. Also, I have assumed that you have read the 4 previous installments of %ܼ3this series (and hopefully enjoyed them). In part VI, we will take a look at fortress fones. Suggested Further Reading: -------------------------- Electronics Courses A-D, TAP, @ $.75 each. Electronic Telephone Projects, A.J. Caristi, Howard Sams Books. Everything you Always Wanted to Know About 1633 Hz Tones but Were Afraid to Ask, The Magician, TAP, issue #62. Free BELL phone calls, TAP, Fact sheet #2, @ $.50. Free GTE phone calls, TAP, Fact sheet #3, @ $.50. How to&[Ƣ modify your Bell Touch Tone Fone to Have 1633 Cycle Tones, TAP, issue #63. Modifying Your Phone For 1633 Hz (new electronic keypads), Fred Steinbeck, TAP, issue #84. Notes on the Network, AT&T. The Phone Book, J. Edgar Hyde. Regulating The Telephone Company In Your Home, Ramapart Magazine, June 1972. REMOBS, TAP #91 (not yet published as of this writing). Understanding Telephone Electronics, Texas Instruments. Acknowledgement: Big Brother for his tec'hincal critique. & other assorted sources... TAP/Room 603/147 W 42 St./New York, NY 10036. Please specify by backissue #'s (not article names). All back- issues are $1 each. Subscriptions are $10/year (10 issues). Say that BIOC Agent 003 sent you. Another good phreak publication: 2600/Box 752/Middle Island, NY 11953. Subscriptions are $10/year. Backissues are $1 each. ******END PART V******@ $.50. Free GTE phone calls, TAP, Fact sheet #3, @ $.50. How toߜ)------------------ ONCE YOU HAVE DEPOSITED YOUR SLUG INTO A FORTRESS, IT IS SUBJECTED TO A GAMUT OF TESTS. THE FIRST OBSTACAL FOR A SLUG IS THE MAGNETIC TRAP. THIS WILL STOP ANY LIGHT-WEIGHT MAGNETIC SLUGS AND COINS. IF IT PASSES THIS, THE SLUG IS THEN CLASSIFIED AS A NICKEL, DIME, OR QUARTER. EACH SLUG IS THEN CHECKED FOR APPROPRIATE SIZE AND WEIGHT. IF THESE TESTS ARE PASSED, IT WILL THEN TRAVEL THROUGH A NICKEL, DIME, OR QUARTER MAGNET AS APPROPRIATE. THESE MAGNETS SET UP  LAN EDDY CURRENT EFFECT WHICH CAUSES COINS OF THE APPROPRIATE CHARACTERISTICS TO SLOW DOWN SO THEY WILL FOLLOW THE CORRECT TRAJECTORY. IF ALL GOES WELL, THE COIN WILL FOLLOW THE CORRECT PATH (SUCH AS BOUNCING OFF OF THE NICKEL ANVIL) WHERE IT WILL HOPEFULLY FALL INTO THE NARROW ACCEPTED COIN CHANNEL. THE RATHER ELABORATE TESTS THAT ARE PERFORMED AS THE COIN TRAVELS DOWN THE COIN CHUTE WILL STOP MOST SLUGS AND OTHER UNDESIRABLE COINS, SUCH AS PENNIES, WHICH MUST THEN BE RETRIEVED US`*************************************************************** -=*> REFORMATTED TO 80 COLUMNS <*=- PREFACE: THIS ARTICLE WILL FOCUS PRIMARILY ON THE STANDARD WESTERN ELECTRIC SINGLE- SLOT COIN TELEPHONE (AKA FORTRESS FONE) WHICH CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 TYPES: - DIAL-TONE FIRST (DTF) - COIN-FIRST (CF): (IE, IT WANTS YOUR $ BEFORE YOU RECEIVE A DIAL TONE) - DIAL POST-PAY SERVICE (PP): (YOU PAY AFTER THE PARTY ANSWERS) DEPOSITING COINS (SLUGS): -------UUe more sophisticated electronic fones can switch between a 60% & a 67% make interval. This is due to the fact that many foreign nations use a 67% break interval. Have you ever been in an office or a similar facility and saw a fone waiting to be used for a free call but some asshole put a lock on it to prevent outgoing calls? Well, don't fret phellow phreaks, you can simulate pulse dialing by rapidly depressing the switchook. (If you depress it for longer than a second it will bRe construed as a disconnect.) By rapidly switchooking you are causing the local loop to be broken & made similar to rotary dialing! Thus if you can manage to switchook rapidly 10 times you can reach an operator to place any call you want! This takes alot of practice, though. You might want to practice on your own fone dialing a friend's # or something else. Incidentally, this method will also work with DTMF fones since all DTMF lines can also handle rotary. Another problem with pulse dialing is that it produces high-voltage spikes that make loud clicks in the earpiece and cause the bell to "tinkle." If you never noticed this then your fone has a special "anti-tinkle" & earpiece shorting circuit (most do). If you have ever dissected a rotary fone (a must for any serious phreak) you would have noticed that there are 2 sets of contact that open and close during pulsing (on the back of the rotary dial under the plastic cover). One of these actually opens and closes the loop while the other mutes the earpiece by shorting it out. The second contacts also activates a special anti-tinkle circuit that puts a 340 ohm resistor across the ringing circuit which prevents the high voltage spikes from interferring with the bell. Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) is a modern day improvement on pulse dialing in several ways. First of all, it is more convenient for the user since it is faster and can be used for signaling after the call is completred (ie, SCC's, computers, etc.). Also, it is more up to par with modern day switching equipment (such as ESS) since pulse dialing was designed to actually move relays by the number of digits dialed (in SxS offices). Each key on a DTMF keypad produces 2 frequencies simultaneously (one from the high group and another from the low group). ------------------------- Low Group ! Q ! ABC ! DEF ! ! 697 Hz-! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! A ! ! ! ! ! ! :6u !-----!-----!-----!-----! ! GHI ! JKL ! MNO ! ! 770 Hz-! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! B ! ! ! ! ! ! !-----!-----!-----!-----! ! PRS ! TUV ! WXY ! ! 852 Hz-! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! C ! ! ! ! ! ! !-----!-----!-----!-----! ! ! OPER! ! ! 941 Hz-! * ! 0 ! # ! D ! ! ! Z ! ! ! !-----!-----!-----!-----! 1209 1336od\ 1477 1633 (High Group--in Hz) A portable DTMF keypad is known as a white box. The fourth column (1633 Hz) is not normally found on regular fones but it does have several special uses. For one, it is used to designate the priority of calls on AUTOVON, the military fone network. These key are called: Flash, Immediate, Priority, & Routine (with variations) instead of ABCD. Secondly, these keys are used for testing purposes by the Telco. In some area you can find@aw loops as well as other neat tests (see Part II) on the 555-1212 directory assistance exchange. For this, you would call up an DA in certain areas [that have an Automatic Call Distributor (ACD)] and hold down the "D" key which should blow the operator off. You will then hear a pulsing dial tone which indicates that you are in the ACD internal testing mode. You can get on one side of a loop by dialing a 6. The other side is 7. Some phreaks claim that if the person on side 6 hangs ͛up, occasionally the equipment will screw up and start directing directory assistance calls to the other side of the loop. Another alleged test is called REMOB which allows you to tap into lines by entering a special code followed by the 7 digit number you want to monitor. Then there is the possibility of mass conferencing. ACD's are become rare though. You will probably have to make several NPA-555- 1212 calls before you find one. You can modify regular fones quite readily so @=Hthat they have a switch to change between the 3rd and 4th columns. This is called a silver box (aka grey box) and plans can be found in Tap as well as on many BBS's. Transmitter/Receiver: --------------------- When you talk into the transmitter, the sound waves from your voice cause a diaphragm to vibrate and press against the carbon granules (or another similar substance). This causes the carbon granules to compress and contract thus changing the resistance of the DC coupled pa2th through it. Therefore, your AC voice signal is superimposed over the DC current of the local loop. The receiver works in a similar fashion where the simple types utilize a magnet, armature, & diaphragm. Hybrid/Induction Coil: ---------------------- As you may have noticed, there are two wires for the receiver and two for the transmitter in the fone, yet the local loop consists of 2 wires instead of 4. This 4-wire to 2-wire conversion is done inside the fone by a device known  #>sconnect it from its terminal). Now bring the switch out the rear of the fone and replace the cover. Put the switch in a position where you receive a dial tone. Mark this position NORMAL. Mark the other side FREE. When your phriends call (at a prearranged time), quickly lift & drop the receiver as fast a possible. This will stop the ringing (do it again if it doesn't) with out starting the billing. It is important that you do it quickly (less than 1 second). Then put the swi {tch in the FREE position and pick up the fone. Keep all calls short and preferrably under 15 minutes. NOTE: If someone picks up an extension in the called parties house and that fone is not set for FREE then billing will start. NOTE: An old way of signalling a phriend that you are about to call is making a collect call to a non-existant person in the house. Since your friend will not accept the charges, he will kn dJow that you are about to call and thus prepare the black box (or visa versa). WARNING: The Telco can detect black boxes if they suspect one on your line. This is done due to the presence of AC voice signal at the wrong DC level! Pictoral Diagram: (Standard Rotary K500 fone) --------------------------------------- ! ! ***BLUE WIRE**>>F< ! ! * *   ! **WHITE WIRE** * ! ! * ! ! RESISTOR ! ! * ! ! * ! ! >RR<*******SWITCH**** ! ! * ! ****GREEN WIRE********************** ! ! ! --------------------------------------- NOTE: The Black Box will not work under ESS or other similar dig:_ital switches since ESS does not connect the voice circuits until the fone is picked up (& billing starts). Instead, ESS uses an "artificial" computer generated ring. Ringing: -------- To inform a subscriber of an incoming call, the Telco sends 90 volts (PK) of pulsing DC down the line (at around 15 to 60 Hz; usually 20 Hz). In most fones this causes a metal armature to be attracted alternately between two electro-magnets thus striking 2 bells. Of course, the standard bell (patented in 1878 by Tom A. Watson) can be replaced by a more modern electronic bell or signaling device. Also, you can have lights and other similar devices in lieu of (or in conjunction with) the bell. A simple neon light (with its corresponding resistor) can simply be connected between the red & green wires (usually L1 & L2 on the network box) so that it lights up on incoming calls. WARNING: 90 VDC can give quite a shock. Exercise ex3.treme caution if you wish to further persue these topics. Also included in the ringing circuit is a capacitor tbig savings of time since the hassle of using a a time shared public netwo rk does not exist. We're sure that Mr. J.W.P. of DU NSPRINT had more on his mind when he wrote the let ter (on the system)! DunsNet is accessible from a regular dial-up. We have not been able to g et a number yet for this system, but once on it allegedly worjks just like Telenet! Two carriage returns and you will see "DunsNet" then the fa miliar "@" symbol. To use the system like we showe d you, type "RPTS" at thiup to drop a trouble card for long periods of ringing then a "no-no" detection device may be placed on the line. Incidentally, the term "ring trip" refers to the CO process involved to stop the AC ringing signal when the calling fone goes off hook. NOTE: It is suggested that you actually dissect fones to helYop you better understand them. It will also help you to better understand the concepts here if you actually prove them to yourself. For example, actually take the voltage readings on your fone line [any simple multi-tester (a must) will do.] Phreaking is an interactive process not a passive one! Dialing: -------- On a standard fone, there are two common types of dialing: pulse & DTMF. Of course, some people i[T7nsist upon being different and don't use the DT thus leaving them with MF (Multi Frequncy, aka operator, blue box) tones. This is another "no-no" and the Telco Security gentelmen have a special knack for dealing with such "phreaks" on the network. When you dial rotary, you are actually rapidly breaking & reconnecting (breaking & making) the local loop once for each digit dialed. Since the physical connection must be broken, you cannot dial if another extension (of that #) is off-hD3ook. Neither of the fones will be able to dial pulse unless the other hangs up. Another term often referred to in telephone electronics is the break ratio. In the US, the standard is 10 pulses per second. When the circuit is opened it is called the break interval. When it is closed it is called the make interval. In the US, there is a 60 millisecond (ms) make period and a 40 ms break period. (60+40=100 ms = 1/10 second). This is referred to as a 60% make interval. Some of th۾)TION) ON LD CALLS. PHREAKING DOES NOT COME TO A COMPLETE HALT UNDER ESS THOUGH--JUST BE VERY CAREFUL, THOUGH!!! DUE TO THE FACT THAT ESS SENDS A COMPUTER GENERATED "ARTIFICIAL RING," WHERE THE VOICE IS NOT CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE CALLED PARTIES LINE UNTIL HE PICKS UP, BLACK BOXES & INFINITY TRANSMITTERS WILL NOT WORK! NOTE: ANOTHER INTERESTING WAY TO FIND OUT WHAT TYPE OF EQUIPMENT YOU ARE ON IS TO RAID THE TRASH CAN OF YOU LOCAL CO--THIS ART WILL D t!ISCUSSED IN A SEPARATE ARTICLE SOON. COMING SOON: IN THE PART V, WE WILL START TO TAKE A LOOK AT TELEPHONE ELECTRONICS. FURTHER READING: FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE ABOVE TOPICS, I SUGGEST THE FOLLOWING: NOTES ON THE NETWORK, AT&T, 1980. UNDERSTANDING TELEPHONE ELECTRONICS, TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, 1983. AND SUBSCRIPTIONS TO: TAP, ROOM 603, 147 W 42 ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036. SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE $10/YEAR. BACK ISSUES ARE $0.75. 2600, BOX 752, MIDDLE ISLAND, NY ! 11953. SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE $10/YEAR. BACK ISSUES ARE $1 EACH. THEY ARE BOTH EXCELLENT SOURCES OF ALL SORTS OF INFORMATION (PRIMARILY PHREAKING/HACKING). NOTE: FOR THE MOST PART, I HAVE ASSUMED THAT YOU HAVE READ MY PREVIOUS 3 COURSES IN THE BASIC TELCOM SERIES. UP, BLACK BOXES & INFINITY TRANSMITTERS WILL NOT WORK! NOTE: ANOTHER INTERESTING WAY TO FIND OUT WHAT TYPE OF EQUIPMENT YOU ARE ON IS TO RAID THE TRASH CAN OF YOU LOCAL CO--THIS ART WILL DA< fones do have a bridge rectifier which compensates for polarity reversal.] This is why under certain (non-digital) switching equipment you can reverse the red & green wires on a touch-tone fone and receive free DTMF service. Even though it won't break dial tone, reversing the wires on a rotary line on a digital switch will cause the tones to be generarted. Voltages, Etc. -------------- When your telephone is on-hook (ie, hung up) there is approximately 48 volts of DC potential across the tip & ring. When the handset of a fone is lifted a few switches close which cause a loop to be connected (known as the "local loop") between your fone & the CO. Once this happens DC current is able to flow through the fone with less resistance. This causes a relay to energize which causes other CO equipment to realize that you want service. Eventually, you should end up with a dial tone. This also causes the 48 VDC to drop down into the vicinity of 12 volts. The resi4̦stance of the loop also drops below the 2500 ohm level, though FCC licensed telephone equipment must have an off-hook impedance of 600 ohms. As of now, you ahands of our "friends" at D&B. To say the least, they were n't exactly thrilled about it. In fact, they did not even believe that they had a securit y problem! (Well, that just goes to prove that if you are good, no one knows that you are there!) In a big effort to defeat us, they called in xSan outside service to spruce up their "security." Well, fortunately for u s, we were able to find out about the new syst em! (Which wasn't really a problem. First, they had the new dial-ups when you logged on, and as a lways they have a nice little place on Telenet! ( Where we do most of our work: C 20188). Now, they have set up a new system they like to call DunsNet. They are trying to pass it off as a ectionately call this mute a black box. The foll 3owing are instructions on how to build a simple black box. Of course, anything that prevents the voltage from dropping would work. You only need two parts: A SPST toggle switch and a 10,000 ohm (10 K), 1/2 watt resistor. Any electronics store should stock these parts. Now, cut 2 pieces of wire (about 6 inches long) and attach one end of each wire to one of the terminals on the switch. Now turn your K500 (standard desk fone) upside down and take off the cover. Locate wire (di?criber's telephone. Hereinafter simply referred to as "fone." Wiring: ------- Assuming a standard one-line fone, there are usually 4 wires that lead out of the fone set. These are standardly colored red, green, yellow, & black. The red & green wires are the two that are actually hooked up to your CO. The yellow wire is sometimes used to ring different fones on a party line (ie, one #, several families--found primarily in rural areas where they pay less for the service and thety don't use the fone as much); otherwise, the yellow is usually just ignored. On some two-line fones, the red & green wires are used for the first fone # and the yellow & black are used for the second line. In this case there must be an internal or external device that switches between the two lines and provides a hold function. (Such as Radio Shack's outrageously priced 2 line & hold module). In telephony, the green & red wires are often referred to as tip (T) & ring (R), respectziively. The tip is the more positive of the two wires. This naming goes back to the old operator cord boards where one of the wires was the tip of the plug and the other was the ring (of the barrel). A rotary fone (aka dial or pulse) will work fine regardless of whether the red (or green) wire is connected the tip(+) or ring(-). A touch-tone (TM) fone is a different story, though. It will not work except if the tip(+) is the green wire. [Although, some of the more expensive DTMF3i --- --- --- ---- NOTE: THE PRECEDING DIAGRAM USED CERTAIN LOWER CASE CHARACTERS THAT MAY NOT BE VIEWED AS I INTENDED THEM IF YOU ARE NOT USING AS LOWER CASE TERMINAL. ===================== =SWITCHING EQUIPMENT= ===================== IN THE NETWORK, THERE ARE 3 MAJOR TYPES OF SWITCHING EQUIPMENT. THEY ARE KNOWN AS: STEP, CROSSBAR, & ESS. STEP-BY-STEP (SXS) THE STEP-BY-STEP, A/K/A THE STROWGER SWITCH OR TWO-MOTION SWITCH, WAS INVENCZTED IN 1889 BY AN UNDERTAKER NAMED ALMON STROWGER. HE INVENTED THIS MECHANICAL SWITCHING EQUIPMENT BECAUSE HE FELT THAT THE BIASED OPERATOR WAS ROUTING ALL REQUESTS FOR AN 'UNDERTAKER' TO HER HUSBAND'S BUSINESS. BELL STARTED USING THIS SYSTEM IN 1918 & AS OF 1978, OVER 53% OF THE BELL EXCHANGES USED THIS METHOD OF SWITCHING. STEP-BY-STEP SWITCHING IS CONTROLLED DIRECTLY BY THE DIAL PULSES WHICH MOVE A SERIES OF SWITCHES (CALLED THE SWITCH TRAIN) IN ORDER. WHEN YOU FIR0ST PICK UP THE FONE UNDER SXS, A LINEFINDER ACKNOWLEDGES THE REQUEST (SOONER OR LATER) BY SENDING A DIAL TONE. IF YOU THEN DIALED 1234, THE EQUIPMENT WOULD FIRST FIND AN IDLE SELECTOR SWITCH. IT WOULD THEN MOVE VERTICALLY 1 PULSE, IT WOULD THEN MOVE HORIZONTALLY TO FIND A FREE SECOND SELECTOR, IT WOULD THEN MOVE 2 VERTICAL PULSES, STEP HORIZONTALLY TO FIND THE NEXT SELECTOR, ETC. THUS THE FIRST SWITCH IN THE TRAIN TAKES NO DIGITS, THE SECOND SWITCH TAKES 1 DIGIT, THE THIRD $zSWITCH TAKES 1 DIGIT, & THE LAST SWITCH IN THE TRAIN (CALLED THE CONNECTOR) TAKES THE LAST 2 DIGITS & CONNECTS YOUR CALLS. A NORMAL (10,000 LINE) EXCHANGE REQUIRES 4 DIGITS (0000-9999) TO CONNECT A LOCAL CALL & THUS IT TAKES 4 SWITCHES TO CONNECT EVERY CALL (LINEFINDER, 1ST & 2ND SELECTORS, & THE CONNECTOR) . WHILE IT WAS THE FIRST, SXS SUCKS FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS: [1] THE SWITCHED OFTEN BECOME JAMMED THUS THE CALLS OFTEN BECOME BLOCKED. [2] YOU CAN'T USE DTMF (D)UAL-TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY A/K/A TOUCH-TONE) DIRECTLY. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE TELCO MAY HAVE INSTALLED A CONVERSION KIT BUT THEN THE CALLS WILL GO THROUGH JUST AS SLOW AS PULSE, ANYWAY! [3] THEY USE A LOT OF ELECTRICITY & MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE. (BAD FROM TELCO POINT OF VIEW) [4] EVERYTHING IS HARDWIRED. THEY CAN STILL HOOK UP PEN REGISTERS & OTHER SHIT ON THE LINE SO IT IS NOT EXACTLY A PHREAK HAVEN. YOU CAN IDENTIFY SXS OFFICES BY: (1) LACK OF DTMF OR PULSING DE(IGITS AFTER DIALING DTMF. (2) IF YOU GO NEAR THE CO, IT WILL SOUND LIKE A TYPEWRITER TESTING FACTORY. (3) LACK OF SPEED CALLING, CALL FORWARDING, & OTHER CUSTOMER SERVICES. (4) FORTRESS FONES THAT WANT YOUR MONEY FIRST (AS OPPOSED TO DIAL TONE FIRST ONES). THE PRECEDING DON'T NECESSARILY IMPLY THAT YOU HAVE SXS BUT THEY SURELY GIVE EVIDENCE THAT IT MIGHT BE. ALSO, IF ANY OF THE ABOVE CHARACTERISTICS EXIST, IT CERTAINLY ISN'T ESS! ALSO, SXS HAVE PRETTY MUCH BEEN ERADICATED FROM LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS SUCH AS NYC (212). CROSSBAR: THERE ARE 3 MAJOR TYPES OF CROSSBAR SYSTEMS CALLED: NO. 1 CROSSBAR (1XB), NO. 4 CROSSBAR (4XB), & NO. 5 CROSSBAR (5XB). 5XB HAS BEEN THE PRIMARY END OFFICE SWITCH OF BELL SINCE THE 60'S AND THUS IT IS IN WIDE-USE. CROSSBAR USES A COMMON CONTROL SWITCHING METHOD. WHEN THERE IS AN INCOMING CALL, A STORED PROGRAM DETERMINES ITS ROUTE THROUGH THE SWITCHING MATRIX. IN CROSSBAR, THE BASIC OPERAT !x_ION PRINCIPLE IS THAT A HORIZONTAL & A VERTICAL LINE ARE ENERGIZED IN A MATRIX KNOWN AS THE CROSSPOINT MATRIX. THE POINT WHERE THESE 2 LINES MEET IN THE MATRIX IS THE CONNECTION. +===+ =ESS= +===+ ELECTRONIC SWITCHING SYSTEM (ESS) THE PHREAK'S NIGHTMARE COME TRUE (OR ORWELL'S PROPHECY AS 2600 PUTS IT) ESS IS BELL'S MOVE TOWARDS THE AIRSTRIP ONE SOCIETY DEPICTED IN ORWELL'S 1984. WITH ESS, EVERY SINGLE DIGIT THAT YOU DIAL IS RECORDED--EVEN IF IT IS A MISTAKE.  t THEY KNOW WHO YOU CALL, WHEN YOU CALL, HOW LONG YOU TALKED FOR, & PROBABLY WHAT YOU TALKED ABOUT (IN SOME CASES). ESS CAN (AND IS) ALSO PROGRAMMED TO PRINT OUT #'S OF PEOPLE WHO MAKE EXCESSIVE CALLS TO 800 #'S OR DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE. THIS IS CALLED THE "800 EXCEPTIONAL CALLING REPORT." ESS COULD ALSO BE PROGRAMMED TO PRINT OUT LOGS OF WHO CALLS CERTAIN #'S--LIKE A BOOKIE, A KNOWN COMMUNIST, A BBS, ETC THE THING TO REMEMBER WITH ESS IS THAT IT IS A SERIES OF PROGRAMS WORKIN QʎEG TOGETHER. THESE PROGRAMS CAN BE VERY EASILY CHANGED TO DO WHATEVER THEY WANT IT TO DO. ONE PHREAK WHOM I KNOW HAS SOME ESS SOURCE CODE LISTING WHICH IS INCREDIBLY COMPLEX (AS WELL AS DOCUMENTED- -GRACIAS DIOS). THIS SYSTEM MAKES THE JOB OF BELL SECURITY, THE FBI, NSA, & OTHER ORGANIZATIONS THAT LIKE TO INVADE PRIVACY INCREDIBLY EASY. WITH ESS, TRACING IS DONE IN MICROSECONDS (EINE AUGENBLICK) & THE RESULTS ARE PRINTED AT THE CONSOLE OF A BELL GESTAPO OFFICER. ESS WILL CALSO PICK UP ANY "FOREIGN" TONES ON THE LINE SUCH AS 2600 HZ! BELL PREDICTS THAT THE COUNTRY WILL BECOME TOTALLY ESS BY THE 1990'S. YOU CAN IDENTIFY ESS BY THE FOLLOWING WHICH ARE USUALLY ESS FUNCTIONS: [1] DIALING 911 FOR HELP. [2] DIAL-TONE-FIRST FORTRESSES. [3] CUSTOM CALLING SERVICES SUCH AS: CALL FORWARDING, SPEED DIALING, & CALL WAITING. (ASK YOUR BUSINESS OFFICE IF YOU CAN GET THESE.) [4] ANI (AUTOMATIC NUMBER IDENTIFICA  (2) IF YOU HAVE A BAUDOT TERMINAL, USE THE 800 #; IT'S FREE & THERE IS ONE # FOR ALL REQUESTS. C/NA OPERATORS: C/NA OPERATORS ARE OPERATORS THAT DO EXACTLY THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE OPERATORS ARE FOR. SEE PART II, FOR MORE INFO ON C/NA & #'S. IN MY EXPERIENCES, THESE OPERATORS KNOW MORE THAN THE DA OP'S DO & THEY ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO "SOCIAL ENGINEERING." IT IS POSSIBLE TO BULLSHIT A C/NA OPERATOR FOR THE NON-PUB DA # (IE, YOU GIVE THEM THE NAME & ` THEY GIVE YOU THE UNLISTED #). THIS IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT THEY ASSUME YOUR ARE A PHELLOW COMPANY EMPLOYEE. INTERCEPT OPERATOR: THE INTERCEPT OPERATOR IS THE ONE THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO WHEN THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH RECORDINGS AVAILABLE TO TELL YOU THAT THE # HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED OR CHANGED. SHE USUALLY SAYS, "WHAT # YOU CALLIN'?" WITH A FOREIGN ACCENT. THIS IS THE LOWEST OPERATOR LIFEFORM. EVEN THOUGH THEY DON'T KNOW WHERE YOU ARE CALLING FROM, IT IS A WASTE OF YOUR  =TIME TO TRY TO VERBALLY ABUSE THEM SINCE THEY USUALLY UNDERSTAND VERY LITTLE ENGLISH. OTHER OPERATORS: AND THEN THERE ARE THE: MOBILE, SHIP-TO-SHORE, CONFERENCE, MARINE VERIFY, "LEAVE WORD & CALL BACK," ROUT & RATE (KP+NPA+141+ST), & OTHER SPECIAL OPERATORS WHO HAVE ONE PURPOSE OR ANOTHER IN THE NETWORK. PROBLEMS WITH AN OPERATOR? ASK TO SPEAK TO THEIR SUPERVISOR...WHICH IS THE EQUIVALENT OF THE MADAME IN A WHOREHOUSE (IF YOU WILL EXCUSE THE ANALOGY). BY THE WAY v, SOME CO'S THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO DIAL A 1 OR 0 AS THE 4TH DIGIT, WILL ALSO ALLOW YOU TO CALL SPECIAL OPERATORS WITHOUT A BLUE BOX. THIS IS VERY RARE THOUGH! FOR EXAMPLE, 212-121-1111 WILL GET YOU A NY INWARD OPERATOR. ================== =OFFICE HIERARCHY= ================== EVERY SWITCHING OFFICE OFFICE IN NORTH AMERICA (THE NPA SYSTEM), IS ASSIGNED AN OFFICE NAME & CLASS. THERE ARE FIVE CLASSES OF OFFICES NUMBERED 1 THROUGH 5. YOUR CO IS MOST LIKELY A CLASS 5 OR END u+f OFFICE. ALL LONG-DISTANCE (TOLL) CALLS ARE SWITCHED BY A TOLL OFFICE WHICH CAN BE A CLASS 4, 3, 2, OR 1 OFFICE. THERE IS ALSO A 4X OFFICE CALLED AN INTERMEDIATE POINT. THE 4X OFFICE IS A DIGITAL ONE THAT CAN HAVE AN UNATTENDED EXCHANGE ATTACHED TO IT (KNOWN AS A REMOTE SWITCHING UNIT- RSU). THE FOLLOWING CHART WILL LIST THE OFFICE #, NAME, & HOW MANY OF THOSE OFFICES EXISTED IN NORTH AMERICA IN 1981. CLASS NAME ABB # EXISTING ----- ---------------- --- --~?Q---------- 1 REGIONAL CENTER RC 12 2 SECTIONAL CENTER SC 67 3 PRIMARY CENTER PC 230 4 TOLL CENTER TC 1,300 4P TOLL POINT TP 4X INTERMEDIATE PT IP 5 END OFFICE EO 19,000 R RSU RSU WHEN CONNECTING A CALL FROM ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER, THE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT USUALLY TRIES TO FIND THE SHORTEST ROUTE BETWEEN THE CLASS 5 END OFFICE OF THE CALLER & THE CLASS 5 END OFFICE OF THE CALLED PARTY. I-F NO INTER-OFFICE TRUNKS EXIST BETWEEN THE 2 PARTIES, IT WILL THEN MOVE UPTO THE NEXT HIGHEST OFFICE FOR SERVICING (CLASS 4). IF THE CLASS 4 OFFICE CANNOT HANDLE THE CALL BY SENDING IT TO ANOTHER CLASS 4 OR 5 OFFICE, IT WILL BE SENT TO THE NEXT OFFICE IN THE HIERARCHY (3). THE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT FIRST USES THE HIGH-USAGE INTEROFFICE TRUNK GROUPS, IF THEY ARE BUSY IT THEN GOES TO THE FINAL TRUNK GROUPS ON THE NEXT HIGHEST LEVEL. IF THE CALL CANNOT BE CONNECTED THEN, YOU WILLɺ PROBABLY GET A RE-ORDER (120IPM BUSY SIGNAL) SIGNAL. AT THIS TIME, THE GUYS AT NETWORK OPERATIONS ARE PROBABLY SHITTING IN THEIR PANTS AND TRYING TO AVOID THE DREADED NETWORK DREADLOCK (AS SEEN ON TV!). IT IS ALSO INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT 9 CONNECTIONS IN TANDEM IS CALLED RING-AROUND-THE ROSY AND IT HAS NEVER OCCURRED IN TELEPHONE HISTORY. THIS WOULD CASE AN ENDLESS LOOP CONNECTION. [ A NEAT WAY TO REALLY SCREW-UP THE NETWORK] THE 10 REGIONAL CENTERS IN THE US & THE  Eܞ2 IN CANADA ARE ALL INTERCONNECTED. THEY FORM THE FOUNDATION OF THE ENTIRE TELEPHONE NETWORK. SINCE THERE ARE ONLY 12 OF THEM, THEY ARE LISTED BELOW: CLASS 1 REGIONAL OFFICE LOCATION NPA ---------------------------------- --- DALLAS 4 ESS 214 WAYNE, PA 215 DENVER 4T 303 REGINA NO.2 SP1-4W [CANADA] 306 ST. LOUIS 4T 314 ROCKDALE, GA 404 PITTSBURGH 4E 412 MONTREAL NO.1 4AETS [CANADA] 504 NORWICH, NY 607 SAN BERNARDINO, CA 714 NORWAY, IL 815 WHITE PLAINS 4T, NY 914 THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM DEMONSTRATES HOW THE VARIOUS OFFICES MAY BE CONNECTED: ^----------^----------^ REGIONAL _\_ _\_ _\_OFFICES ^^^^^\1\ <----> \1\ <----> \1\^^^^^ -- --- \ OTHERS\/ -^-------^-X55C------^------^---------^ _\_ _\_ _\_ _\__ _\_ \2\ \3\ \4\ \4P\ \5\ --- --- --- -^^- --- \ \ \ \ ^----^ \ ^----^ \ _\_ _\_ \ __\_ _\_ \ \3\ \4\ \ \4X\ \5\ ^-----^ --- -^- \ ---- --- _\__ _\_ ^ \ \4X\ \5\ __\_ \ ---- --- \5R\ \-------------^ -^^- /--------\---------\ _\_ _\_ _\_ _\__ \R\ \4\ \5\ \5R\ i9MERICA (US, CANADA,ETC) 20 - EGYPT 258 - MOZAMBIQUE 34 - SPAIN 49 - GERMANY 52 - MEXICO (SOUTHERN PORTION) 61 - AUSTRALIA 7 - USSR 81 - JAPAN 98 - IRAN IF YOU CALL FROM AN AREA OTHER THAN NORTH AMERICA, THE FORMAT IS GENERALLY THE SAME. FOR EXAMPLE, LET'S SAY YOU WANTED TO CALL THE WHITE HOUSE FROM SWITZERLAND. FIRST YOU WOULD DIAL 00 (THE SWISS INTERNATIONAL DIALING PREFIX), THEN 1 (THE US COUNTRY CODE), FOLLOWED BY 202-456-1414 (THE NATIOi NAL # FOR THE WHITE HOUSE). ALSO, COUNTRY CODE 87 IS RESERVED FOR MARITIME MOBILE SERVICE, IE CALLING SHIPS: 871 - MARISAT (ATLANTIC) 872 - MARISAT (PACIFIC) 873 - MARISAT (INDIAN ) INTERNATIONAL SWITCHING: IN NORTH AMERICA, THERE ARE CURRENTLY 7 NO. 4 ESS'S THAT PERFORM THE DUTY OF ISC (INTERNATION SWITCHING CENTERS). ALL INTERNATIONAL CALLS DIALED FROM NUMBERING ZONE 1 WILL BE ROUTED THROUGH ONE OF THESE "GATEWAY CITIES." THEY ARE: 182 - WHI%^TE PLAINS, NY 183 - NEW YORK, NY 184 - PITTSBURGH, PA 185 - ORLANDO, FL 186 - OAKLAND, CA 187 - DENVER, CO 188 - NEW YORK, NY THE 18X SERIES ARE OPERATOR ROUTING CODES FOR OVERSEAS ACCESS (TO BE FURTHER DISCUSSED WITH BLUE BOXES). ALL INTERNATIONAL CALLS USE A SIGNALING SYSTEM CALLED CCITT. IT IS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR SIGNALING. COMING SOON: ------------ IN PART IV, I WILL DISCUSS SWITCHING EQUIPMENT, VARIOUS OPERATORS, CO 3qXY TYPES, ETC. ******END PART III******87 IS RESERVED FOR MARITIME MOBILE SERVICE, IE CALLING SHIPS: 871 - MARISAT (ATLANTIC) 872 - MARISAT (PACIFIC) 873 - MARISAT (INDIAN ) INTERNATIONAL SWITCHING: IN NORTH AMERICA, THERE ARE CURRENTLY 7 NO. 4 ESS'S THAT PERFORM THE DUTY OF ISC (INTERNATION SWITCHING CENTERS). ALL INTERNATIONAL CALLS DIALED FROM NUMBERING ZONE 1 WILL BE ROUTED THROUGH ONE OF THESE "GATEWAY CITIES." THEY ARE: 182 - WHI(RE GA FOR GO AHEAD. THEY TEND TO BE NICER & WILL TALK LONGER THAN YOUR REGULAR OPERATORS. ALSO, THEY ARE MORE VULNERABLE INTO BEING TALKED OUT OF INFORMATION THROUGH THE PROCESS OF "SOCIAL ENGINEERING" AS CHESHIRE CATALYST WOULD PUT IT. OTHER OPERATORS HAVE ACCESS TO THEIR OWN DA BY DIALING KP+NPA+131+ST (MF). THIS IS A LITTLE OUT OF THE SCOPE OF THIS TUTORIAL, BUT MANY TELCO'S ARE NOW CHARGING FOR CALLS TO DIR. ASST. YOU CAN BEAT THIS BY: (1) COUNT HOW MANY CALLS YO {U MAKE TO DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE IN A BILLING PERIOD. GO TO A FORTRESS FONE & DIAL DA. WHEN THE OPERATOR COMES ON, GIVE HER A NAME THAT YOU KNOW HAS AN UNLISTED # OR ASK FOR A TOWN THAT ISN'T IN THE NPA. SHE WILL THEN ASK FOR YOUR # SO SHE CAN CREDIT THE CALL TO YOU. GIVE HER YOUR HOME #; SHE DOESN'T KNOW THAT YOU ARE MAKING A FREE CALL FROM THE FORTRESS. JUST MAKE SURE THAT YOU DON'T CREDIT YOURSELF FOR MORE CALLS THAN YOU ACTUALLY MADE OR YOU MIGHT HAVE A FEW PROBLEMS! yRE COMMON ONES WILL BE DISCUSSED. TSPS OPERATOR: THE TSPS (TRAFFIC SERVICE POSITION SYSTEM) OPERATOR IS PROBABLY THE BITCH (OR BASTARD FOR THE PHEMALE LIBERATION-ISTS) THAT MOST OF US ARE USE TO HAVING TO DEAL WITH. HERE ARE HER RESPONSIBILITIES: 1) OBTAINING BILLING INFORMATION FOR CALLING CARD OR 3RD NUMBER CALLS. 2) IDENTIFYING CALLED CUSTOMER ON PERSON-TO-PERSON CALLS. 3) OBTAINING ACCEPTANCE OF CHARGES ON COLLECT CALLS. 4) IDENTIFYING CALLING NUMBERS.  Ҙ THIS ONLY HAPPENS WHEN THE CALLING # IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY RECORDED BY CAMA (CENTRALIZED AUTOMATIC MESSAGE ACCOUNTING) & FORWARDED FROM THE LOCAL OFFICE. THIS COULD BE CAUSED BY EQUIPEMENT FAILURES OR IF THE OFFICE IS NOT EQUIPPED FOR CAMA (MOST ARE). YOU SHOULDN'T MESS WITH THE TSPS OPERATOR SINCE SHE KNOWS WHERE YOU ARE CALLING FROM. SHE ALSO KNOWS WHETHER OR NOT YOU ARE AT A FORTRESS FONE & SHE CAN TRACE CALLS QUITE READILY. OUT OF ALL THE OPERATORS, SHE IS ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS. INWARD OPERATOR: THIS OPERATOR "g~?ASSISTS YOUR LOCAL TSPS ("O") OPERATOR IN CONNECTING CALLS. SHE WILL NEVER QUESTION A CALL AS LONG AS THE CALL IS WITHIN HER SERVICE AREA. SHE CAN ONLY BE REACHED VIA OTHER OPERATORS OR BY A BLUE BOX. FROM A BB, YOU WOULD DIAL KP+NPA+121+ST FOR THE INWARD OPERATOR THAT WILL HELP YOU CONNECT ANY CALLS WITHIN THAT NPA AREA ONLY. (BLUE BOXING WILL BE DISCUSSED IN A FUTURE PART OF BASIC TELCOM) DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE OPERATOR: THIS IS THE OPERATOR THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO WHEOnN YOU DIAL: 411 OR NPA-555-1212. SHE DOES NOT READILY KNOW WHERE YOU ARE CALLING FROM. SHE DOES NOT HAVE ACCESS TO UNLISTED #'S, BUT SHE DOES KNOW IF AN UNLISTED # EXISTS FOR A CERTAIN LISTING. THERE IS ALSO A DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE FOR DEAF PEOPLE WHO USE TELETYPEWRITERS IF YOU MODEM CAN TRANSFER BAUDOT (THE APPLE CAT CAN), THEN YOU CAN CALL HER UP AND HAVE AN INTERESTING CONVERSATION WITH HER. THE # IS: 800- 855-1155. SHE USES THE STANDARD TELEX ABBREVIATIONS SUCH AS$<988-5956, THE CORRESPONDING REAL NUMBER TO THIS IS (201) 279-5956. THE ANSWERBACK FOR THIS SERVICE IS "WU FYI MAWA." IF YOU DON'T WANT TO BUY A TWX MACHINE, YOU CAN STILL SEND TWX MESSAGES USING EASYLINK [800/325-4112 - SEE MY ARTICLE ENTITLED "HACKING WESTERN UNION'S EASYLINK] 700: AT THE TIME OF THIS WRITING, THE 700 EXCHANGE DOES NOT YET EXIST. AT&T PLANS TO USE IT SOON THOUGH. THEY PLAN TO MAKE IT A TYPE OF FANCY CALL FORWARDING SERVICE. IT WILL BE TARGETED TOWAR%B uDS SALESMEN ON THE RUN. TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT WORKS, I'LL EXPLAIN IT WITH AN EXAMPLE. LET'S SAY JOE Q. SALESPIG WORKS FOR AT&T SECURITY AND HE IS ON THE RUN CHASING A PHREAK AROUND THE COUNTRY WHO ROYALLY SCREWED UP AN IMPORTANT COSMOS SYSTEM. LET'S SAY THAT JOE'S 700 # IS (700) 382-5968. EVERYTIME JOE GOES TO A NEW HOTEL, HE DIALS A SPECIAL 700 #, ENTERS A CODE, AND THE # WHERE HE IS STAYING. NOW, IF HIS BOSS RECEIVED SOME IMPORTANT INFO, ALL HE WOULD DO IS DIAL (700) 3&-T82-5968 AND IT WOULD RING WHEREVER JOE LAST PROGRAMMED IT TO. NEAT, HUH? 800: THIS SAC IS ONE OF MY FAVORITES SINCE IT ALLOWS FOR TOLL-FREE CALLS. INWARD WATS (INWATS): INWARD WIDE AREA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE IS THE 800 #'S THAT WE ARE ALL FAMILIAR WITH. 800 #'S ARE SET UP IN SERVICE AREAS OR BANDS. THERE ARE 6 OF THESE. BAND 6 IS THE LARGEST AND YOU CAN CALL A BAND 6 # FROM ANYWHERE IN THE US EXCEPT THE STATE WHERE THE CALL IS TERMINATED (THIS IS WHY MOST CO'3/MPANIES HAVE ONE 800 # FOR THE COUNTRY AND THEN ANOTHER FOR JUST ONE STATE). BAND 5 INCLUDES THE 48 CONTIGUOUS STATES. ALL THE WAY DOWN TO BAND 1 WHICH INCLUDES ONLY THE STATES CONTIGUOUS TO THAT ONE. THEREFORE, LESS PEOPLE CAN REACH A BAND 1 INWATS # THAT A BAND 6 #. INTRASTATE INWATS #'S (IE, YOU CAN CALL IT FROM ONLY 1 STATE) ALWAYS HAVE A 2 AS THE LAST DIGIT IN THE EXCHANGE (IE, 800-NX2-XXXX). THE NXX ON 800 #'S REPRESENT THE AREA WHERE THE BUSINESS IS LOCATED. FOR (p EXAMPLE, A # BEGINNING WITH 800-431 WOULD TERMINATE AT A NY CO 800 #'S ALWAYS END UP IN A HUNT SERIES IN A CO. THIS MEANS THAT IT TRIES THE FIRST # ALLOCATED TO THE COMPANY FOR THEIR 8P0 LINES; IF THIS IS BUSY IT WILL THEN TRY THE NEXT #, ETC). YOU MUST HAVE A MINIMUM OF TWO LINES PER EACH 800 #. FOR EXAMPLE. TRAVELNET USES A HUNT SERIES. IF YOU DIAL (800) 521-8400, IT WILL FIRST TRY THE # ASSOCIATED WITH 8400; IF IT IS BUSY IT WILL GO TO THE NEXT AVAILABLE PORT, ETC.  )^INWATS CUSTOMERS ARE BILLED BY THE # OF HOURS OF CALLS THAT ARE MADE TO THEIR #. OUTWATS (OUTWARD WATS): OUTWATS ARE FOR MAKING OUTGOING CALLS ONLY. LARGE COMPANIES USE OUTWATS SINCE THEY RECEIVE BULK-RATE DISCOUNTS. SINCE OUTWATS # CANNOT HAVE INCOMING CALLS, THEY ARE IN THE FORMAT OF: (800) *XX-XXXX WHERE * IS THE DIGIT 0 OR 1 WHICH CANNOT BE DIALED UNLESS YOU BOX THE CALL. THE *XX IDENTIFIES THE TYPE OF SERVICE AND THE AREAS THAT THE COMPANY CAN CALL.  *HMREMEMBER: INWATS + OUTWATS = WATS EXTENDER (SEE PART I) 900: THIS DIAL-IT SAC IS A NATIONWIDE DIAL-IT SERVICE. IT IS USED FOR TAKING TELEVISION POLLS AND OTHER STUFF. THE FIRST MINUTE CURRENTLY COSTS AN OUTRAGEOUS 50 CENTS AND EACH ADDITIONAL MINUTE COSTS 35 CENTS. BELL TAKES IN ALOT OF REVENUE IN THIS WAY. DIAL (900) 555-1212 TO FIND OUT WHAT IS CURRENTLY ON THE SERVICE. CO CODES: --------- THESE IDENTIFY THE SWITCHING OFFICE WHERE THE CALL IS TO BE ROUTED.  + THE FOLLOWING CO CODES ARE RESERVED NATIONWIDE: 555 - DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE 844 - TIME ] THESE ARE NOW IN 936 - WEATHER ] THE 976 EXCHANGE 950 - FUTURE SERVICES 958 - PLANT TEST 959 - PLANT TEST 970 - PLANT TEST (TEMPORARY) 976 - DIAL-IT SERVICES ALSO, THE 3 DIGIT ANI & RINGBACK #'S ARE REGARDED AS PLANT TEST AND ARE THUS RESERVED. THESE NUMBERS VARY FROM AREA TO AREA. 950: [ALSO SEE PART I] HERE ARE THE SERVICES THAT ARE C ,fQTURRENTLY ON THE 950 EXCHANGE: 1000 - SPC 1022 - MCI EXECUNET 1033 - US TELEPHONE 1044 - ALLNET 1066 - LEXITEL 1088 - SBS SKYLINE THESE SCC'S (SPECIALIZED COMMON CARRIERS) ARE FREE FROM FORTRESSES! PLANT TESTS: THESE INCLUDE ANI, RINGBACK, AND OTHER VARIOUS TESTS. 976: DIAL 976-1000 TO SEE WHAT IS CURRENTLY ON THE SERVICE. ALSO, MANY BBS'S HAVE A LISTING OF THESE #'S. N11 CODES: ---------- BELL IS TRYING TO PHASE SOME OF THESE O-D&UT, BUT THEY STILL EXIST IN MANY AREAS. 011 - INTERNATIONAL DIALING PREFIX 211 - COIN REFUND OPERATOR 411 - DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE 611 - REPAIR SERVICE 811 - BUSINESS OFFICE 911 - EMERGENCY ======================= =INTERNATIONAL DIALING= ======================= WITH INTERNATIONAL DIALING, THE WORLD HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO 9 NUMBERING ZONES. TO MAKE AN INTERNATION CALL, YOU MUST DIAL: INT. PREFIX + COUNTRY CODE + NAT. # IN NORTH AMERICA׋'8, THE INTERNATIONAL DIALING PREFIX IS 011 FOR STATION- TO-STATION CALLS AND 01 FOR OPERATOR-SERVICED CALLS. IDDD STANDS FOR INTERNATIONAL DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING. THE COUNTRY CODE, WHICH VARIES FROM 1 TO 3 DIGITS, ALWAYS HAS THE WORLD NUMBERING ZONE AS THE FIRST DIGIT. FOR EXAMPLE, THE COUNTRY CODE FOR THE UNITED KINGDOM IS 44, THUS IT IS IN WORLD NUMBERING ZONE 4. SOME BOARDS MAY CONTAIN A COMPLETE LISTING OF OTHER COUNTRY CODES, BUT HERE ARE A FEW: 1 - NORTH A"/I|q, BE SURE TO DROP ME A LINE. NOTE: YOUR LOCAL WHITE PAGES CAN BE A VALUABLE ASSET. YOU CAN ALSO ORDER OTHER FONE BOOKS FROM YOUR BUSINESS OFFICE (USUALLY FREE FOR BOOKS WITHIN YOUR OPERATING COMPANY'S DISTRICT). A LARGE FONE BOOK, SUCH AS MANHATTAN, CONTAINS MUCH MORE INFO IN THE FIRST FEW PAGES THAN OTHER BOOKS. ===== =ANI= ===== AUTOMATIC NUMBER IDENTIFICATION (ANI), IS A NUMBER THAT YOU CALL UP THAT WILL TELL YOU WHAT # YOU ARE CALL#0_ָING FROM. THIS HAS A FEW USES. FIRST, WERE YOU EVER SOMEWHERE AND THE FONE DIDN'T HAVE A # PRINTED ON IT? OR PERHAPS YOU WERE FOOLING AROUND IN SOME CANS (THOSE LARGE BOXES ON FONE POLES THAT CONTAIN TERMINALS FOR LINEMAN USE--TO BE DISCUSSES IN A FUTURE CHAPTER.) AND YOU WANT TO KNOW WHAT WHAT THE LINE # IS. IN NPA 914, THE ANI IS 990. IN NPA'S 212 & 516, ANI IS 958. THIS VARIES FROM AREA TO AREA. HERE ARE SOME OTHER ANI'S THAT I HAVE SEEN: 890-751-5191 20222$1422222 1-XXX-1111 (IN SOME 914 AREAS, ESP. UNDER STEP-BY-STEP SWITCHING EQUIPMENT, YOU HAVE TO DIAL 1-990-1111) TO FIND ANI FOR OTHER AREAS, CHECK 3 DIGITS #'S FIRST, USUALLY IN THE 9XX SERIES (EXCLUDING 911). IN AREAS UNDER STEP-BY-STEP (TO BE DISCUSSED IN THE NEXT PART), TRY 1-9XX-1111. ANI MAY ALSO BE IN 99XX. LAST RESORT, TRY TO GET FRIENDLY WITH YOUR NEIGHBOR WHO WORKS FOR THE FONE COMPANY. RINGBACK: --------- RINGBACK, AS%27m ITS NAME IMPLIES, CALLS BACK THE # YOU ARE AT WHEN YOU DIAL THE RINGBACK #. RINGBACK, IN NPA 914, IS 660. YOU DIAL 660+THE LAST 4 DIGITS OF THE FONE. YOU WILL THEN GET A TONE, HANG-UP QUICKLY AND PICK-UP IN ABOUT 2 SECONDS. YOU WILL THEN GET A SECOND TONE, HANG-UP AGAIN AND THE FONE WILL RING. IN NYC, IT IS ALSO 660, BUT YOU MAY HAVE TO PRESS 6 OR 7 BEFORE YOU HANG UP FOR THE FIRST TIME (IE, AT THE FIRST TONE). OTHER RINGBACK #'S THAT I HAVE SEEN ARE: 26011 - &3=T݁THIS 5 DIGIT FORMAT IS USED PRIMARILY ON STEP-BY-STEP. THE LAST 2 DIGITS (11) ARE DUMMY DIGITS. 890-897-XXXX - XXXX ARE THE LAST 4 DIGITS OF THE FONE #. 119911/11911/1199911 - GTE NNX-9906/9907 - NPA 301, NNX IS THE EXCHANGE THE REASON YOU GET THE TONE WHEN YOU PICK-UP AFTER IT RINGS IS BECAUSE IN SOME AREAS, PEOPLE WERE USING RINGBACK AS AN IN-HOUSE INTERCOM. THEY WOULD DIAL RINGBACK, AND WHEN IT STOPPED RINGING, TH'4EY WOULD PICK- UP & TALK WITH THE PERSON WHO PICKED UP THE OTHER EXTENSION. BELL DIDN'T LIKE THIS SINCE THERE IS USUALLY ONLY 1 PIECE OF EQUIPMENT IN EACH EXCHANGE THAT DOES THE RINGBACK. WHEN PEOPLE USED THIS AS AN INTERCOM, LINEMEN & REPAIRMEN COULN'T GET THROUGH! IN SOME AREAS, ESPECIALLY THOSE UNDER STEP-BY-STEP, RINGBACK CAN STILL BE USED AS AN INTERCOM. ALSO, UNDER STEP-BY-STEP, THE RINGBACK PROCEDURE IT USUALLY SIMPLE. FOR EXAMPLE, IN ONE AREA YOU WOULD DIAL 26011 A(58}اND HANG-UP; IT WOULD THEN RINGBACK. TOUCH-TONE TEST: ---------------- IN AREAS THAT HAVE A TOUCH-TONE TEST, YOU DIAL THE RINGBACK #. AT THE FIRST TONE, YOU TOUCH-TONE DIGITS 1-0. IF THEY ARE CORRECT IT WILL BEEP TWICE. I HAVE ALSO SEEN A TT TEST IN SOME AREAS AT: 890-751-5191 COMING SOON: ------------ IN THE NEXT PART, WE WILL LOOK AT VARIOUS SWITCHING EQUIPMENT AND THE NETWORK. BREAK UP OF BELL: ----------------- THE OPERATING COMPANIES ARE NOT GOING ),jETO CHANGE ALL THE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT AROUND. WHILE THERE WILL BE SOME CHANGES, MOST OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE WILL REMAIN PERTINENT AFTER JANUARY 1, 1984. JUST SUBSTITUTE THE WORD "FONE NETWORK" FOR BELL SYSTEM. ******END PART 2****** IN SOME AREAS, ESPECIALLY THOSE UNDER STEP-BY-STEP, RINGBACK CAN STILL BE USED AS AN INTERCOM. ALSO, UNDER STEP-BY-STEP, THE RINGBACK PROCEDURE IT USUALLY SIMPLE. FOR EXAMPLE, IN ONE AREA YOU WOULD DIAL 26011 A7~EPHONE NUMBERING PLAN IS AS FOLLOWS: A) A 3 DIGIT NUMBERING PLAN AREA (NPA) CODE, [IE, AREA CODE] B) A 7 DIGIT TELEPHONE # CONSISTING OF A 3 DIGIT CENTRAL OFFICE (CO) CODE PLUS A 4 DIGIT STATION #. THESE 10 DIGITS ARE CALLED THE NETWORK ADDRESS OR DESTINATION CODE. IT IS IN THE FORMAT OF: AREA CODE TELEPHONE # --------- ----------- N*X NXX-XXXX WHERE: N = A DIGIT FROM 2-9 * = T8ZHE DIGIT 0 OR 1 X = A DIGIT 0-9 AREA CODES: ----------- CHECK YOUR TELEPHONE BOOK OR THE SEPARATE LISTING OF AREA CODES FOUND ON MANY BBS'S. HERE ARE THE SPECIAL AREA CODES (SAC'S): 510 - TWX (USA) 610 - TWX (CANADA) 700 - NEW SERVICE 710 - TWX (USA) 800 - WATS 810 - TWX (USA) 900 - DIAL-IT SERVICES 910 - TWX (USA) THE OTHER AREA CODES NEVER CROSS STATE LINES, THEREFORE EACH STATE MUST HAVE ATLEAST ONE EXCLUSIVE NPA CODE.#v WHEN A COMMUNITY IS SPLIT BY A STATE LINE, THE CO #'S ARE OFTEN INTERCHANGABLE (IE, YOU CAN DIAL THE SAME # FROM 2 DIFFERENT AREA CODES) TWX: TWX (TELEX II) CONSISTS OF 5 TELETYPE-WRITER AREA CODES. THEY ARE OWNED BY WESTERN UNION. THESE SAC'S MAY ONLY BE REACHED VIA OTHER TWX MACHINES. THESE RUN AT 110 BAUD. BESIDES THE TWX #'S, THESE MACHINES ARE ROUTED TO NORMAL TELEPHONE #'S. TWX MACHINES ALWAYS RESPOND WITH AN ANSWERBACK. FOR EXAMPLE, WU'S FYI TWX # IS (910) : AND 9999 IN YOUR LOCAL EXCHANGE. IF YOU HAVE THE TIME AND INITIATIVE, SCAN YOUR EXCHANGE AND YOU MAY BECOME LUCKY! HERE ARE MY FINDINGS IN THE 914-268: 9901 - VERIFICATION (RECORDING OF A/C AND EXCHANGE) 9936 - VOICE # TO THE TELCO CO 9937 - VOICE # TO THE TELCO CO 9941 - CARRIER 9960 - OSC. TONE (TONE SIDE LOOP) 9963 - TONE (STOPS: MUTED) 9966 - CARRIER 9968 - TONE THAT DISAPPEARS--RESPONDS TO CERTAIN TOUCH-TONE KEYS MOST OF THE #'S BETWEEN 9900 & 9999 WIL;L RING, BE BUSY, GO TO A SPECIAL INTERCEPT OPERATOR ("WHAT #, PLEASE?") , OR WILL GO TO A "THE # YOU HAVE REACHED..." RECORDING. WHAT YOU FIND DEPENDS UPON THE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT IN THE EXCHANGE AND THE TELCO OPERATING COMPANY. WHEN SEARCHING FOR LOOPS, YOU MAY FIND ONE OF THE FOLLOWING POSSIBILITIES WHEN YOU FIND ONE: 1. YOU CAN HEAR THROUGH THE LOOP (NOT MUTED), BUT THERE IS A 1/2 SECOND CLICK EVERY 10 SECONDS THAT INTERRUPTS THE AUDIO. THIS TYPE IS GOOD FOuN SOME AREAS (LIKE MD), 9906-7 IS RINGBACK. IN WASHINGTON, THERE IS A SWEEP TONE TEST AT (202) 560-9944. IN NYC (212), YOU'LL FIND THE INFAMOUS LOOP LINES (AS MENTIONED ABOVE). IT WILL BE EASIER TO SCAN YOUR EXCHANGE IF YOU MAKE UP A CHART LIKE THE ONE BELOW: NPA-NNX-99XX SCAN -------------------------------------- !99X X>:0 :1 :2 :3 :4 :5 :6 :7 :8 :9 ! -------------------------------------- !990 : : : : : : : : : : ! ---------------------------? ----------- !991 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !992 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !993 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !994 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !995 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !996 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !997 :@z^ : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !998 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- !999 : : : : : : : : : : ! -------------------------------------- THIS LEAVES YOU WITH 100 BOXES (1 FOR EACH # BETWEEN 9900 & 9999). YOU SHOULD MAKE YOUR BOXES BIG ENOUGH SO YOU CAN WRITE SOME SORT OF SHORTHAND IN THEM. FOR EXAMPLE: B - BUSY (TRY AGAIN AT ANOTHER TIME) R - RINGS (TRY AGAIN AT ANOTHER TIME) O - INTEAw'RCEPT OPERATOR ("WHAT # YOU CALLING?) R1- RECORDING 1 (MAKE A MARGIN NOTE OF THE TYPES OF REORDINGS YOU GET) T - TONE ] TONE AT A LOWER # + IGNORE I - IGNORE ] AT A HIGHER # = LOOP V - VOICE # TO TELCO CO - THEY USUALLY ANSWER WITH THE CITY NAME OR AREA. C - CARRIER THERE WILL BE OTHERS AND YOU SHOULD USE OTHER CHARACTERS THAT YOU CAN UNDERSTAND. NOW, BACK TO LOOPS! AS YOU MAY HAVE NOTICED IN MY 914-268 SCAN, I FOUND A MUTED LOOP AND A TONE SIDE. 914-268 FAILEB D TO COME UP WITH THE SILENT SIDE OF A LOOP! THEREFORE, THERE IS NO LOOP IN THAT EXCHANGE. I THEN SCANNED ANOTHER EXCHANGE IN MY PRIMARY CALLING AREA (914-634) AND I FOUND A LOOP!! (914) 634-9923/9924 SO, IF AT FIRST YOU DON'T SUCCEED, MOVE ONTO ANOTHER EXCHANGE. IF YOU USE THE BOX METHOD THAT I HAVE OUTLINED ABOVE, YOU WILL SEE A T & I NEXT TO EACH OTHER FOR A LOOP. SOME EXCHANGES ARE SPECIAL. FOR EXAMPLE, 914-623 IS A TESTING BUREAU. IN THIS EXCHANGE, NOT CmYs ONLY DID I FIND A LOOP, BUT I ALSO FOUND SEVERAL INTERESTING TONES, NOISES, AND OTHER TEST FUNCTIONS. ALSO, THE MORE IMPORTANT THE EXCHANGE IS, THE MORE YOU WILL FIND. FOR EXAMPLE, IN 914- 623, I FOUND WELL OVER 10 VOICE #'S! ALSO, LOOPS ARE USUALLY, BUT NOT EXCLUSIVELY, FOUND IN THE 99XX SERIES. FOR EXAMPLE: (713) 324-1799/1499 IS A LOOP. THE PERFECT LOOP? HERE IS WHAT I WOULD LOOK FOR: 1. NON-SUP ON ONE OR BOTH SIDES. TO CHECK FOR A NON-SUP LOOP, GO TO !.]] A TONE-FIRST FORTRESS FONE AND DIAL THE #. IF IT ASKS FOR A DIME, IT IS SUPERVISED. IF THE CALL GOES THROUGH, THEN IT IS NON-SUPED! 2. 800 LOOPS WOULD BE A PLUS. THEY ARE NOT NECESSARILY FOUND BETWEEN 9900 & 9999 THOUGH. I WOULD CHECK THE 1XXX SERIES FIRST. 3. MULTI-USER LOOPS ARE ALSO A PLUS FOR THOSE LATE NIGHT CONFERENCES. FINALLY, REMEMBER IT IS ONLY A LOCAL CALL TO FIND OUT WHAT YOU CO HAS IN STORE FOR YOU. IF YOU FIND ANYTHING INTERESTING ElC AVAILABLE) THIS LIST WAS COPYRIGHTED IN 1982 BY "JUDAS GERARD" AS IT ORIGINALLY APPEARED IN TAP ISSUE #78. (TAP, ROOM 603, 147 W 42ND ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036-- SUBSCRIPTIONS $10/YR.) AT&T NEWSLINES: --------------- NEWSLINES ARE RECORDINGS THAT BELL EMPLOYEES CALL UP TO FIND OUT THE LATEST INFO ON STOCK, TECHNOLOGY, ETC. CONCERNING THE BELL SYSTEM. HERE ARE THE #'S THAT ARE CURRENTLY KNOWN TO PHREAKS (AT LEAST ME, ANYWAY): 201-483-3800 NJ  Fl,% 513-421-9060 OH 203-771-4920 CT 516-234- 9914 NY 212-393-2151 NY 518-471-2272 NY 213-621-4141 CA 617-955-1111 MA 213-829-0111 CA (GTE) 702-789-6711 NV 213-449-8830 CA 713-224-6116 TX 312-368-8000 IL 714-238-1111 CA 313-223-7223 MI 717-255-5555 PA 314-247-5511 MO 717-787-1031 PA 408-493-5000 CA 802-955-1111 VE 412-633-3333 PA 808-533-4426 HI 414-678-3511 WI 813-223-5666 FL 416-929-4323 ONT. 914-948-810GY0 NY 503-228-6271 OR 916-480-8000 CA ======= =LOOPS= ======= FIRST OF ALL, YOU MUST UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF LOOPS. I THINK THAT THE BEST WAY THAT THIS IS UNDERSTOOD IS THE WAY THAT PHRED PHREEK EXPLAINED IT... "NO SELF-RESPECTING PHONE PHREAK CAN GO THROUGH LIFE WITHOUT KNOWING WHAT A LOOP IS, HOW TO USE ONE, AND THE TYPES THAT ARE AVAILABLE. THE LOOP IS A GREAT ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION MEDIUM THAT HAS MANY POTENTIAL USES THAT HAVENT'T EVEN BEEN TAPPEDH 9 YET. IN ORDER TO EXPLAIN WHAT A LOOP IS, IT WOULD BE HELPFUL TO VISUALIZE TWO PHONE NUMBERS (LINES) JUST FLOATING AROUND IN THE TELCO CENTRAL OFFICE (CO). NOW, IF YOU (AND A FRIEND PERHAPS) WERE TO CALL THESE TWO NUMBERS AT THE SAME TIME, POOOOPFFF!!!, YOU ARE NOW CONNECTED TOGETHER. I HEAR WHAT YOU'RE SAYING OUT THERE..., "BIG DEAL" OR "WHY SHOULD MA BELL COLLECT HERE TWO MSU'S (MESSAGE UNITS) FOR ONE LOUSY PHONE CALL!?" WELL... THINK AGAIN. HAVEN'T YOU EVER WANTED SOMEOIքNE TO CALL YOU BACK BUT, WERE RELUCTANT TO GIVE OUT YOUR HOME PHONE NUMBER (LIKE THE LAST TIME YOU TRIED TO GET YOUR FRIEND'S UNLISTED # FROM THE BUSINESS OFFFICE)? OR HOW ABOUT A COLLECT CALL TO YOUR FRIEND WAITING ON A LOOP, WHO WILL GLADLY ACCEPT THE CHARGES? OR BETTER YET, STUMBLING UPON A LOOP THAT YOU DISCOVER THAT HAS MULTI-USER CAPABILITY (FOR THOSE LATE-NIGHT CONFERENCES). BEST OF ALL IS FINDING A NON-SUPERVISED LOOP THAT DOESN'T CHARGE ANY MSU'S OR TOLLS TO ONE OJXR BOTH PARTIES. EXAMPLE: MANY MOONS AGO, A LOOP AFFECTIONATELY KNOWN AS 'THE 332 LOOP' WAS NON-SUP (IE, NON- SUPERVISED) ON THE TONE SIDE. I HAD MY FRIEND IN CALIFORNIA DIAL THE FREE (NON-SUP) SIDE, (212) 332-9906 AND I DIALED THE SIDE THAT CHARGED, 332-9900. AS YOU CAN SEE, I WAS CHARGED ONE MSU, AND MY FRIEND WAS CHARGED ZILCH, FOR AS LONG AS WE WISHED TO TALK!!!" ***** AHHH...HAVE I PERKED YOUR INTEREST YET? IF SO, HERE IS HOW TO FIND A LOOP OF YOUKm VERY OWN. FIRST, DO ALL OF YOUR LOOP SEARCHING AT NIGHT! THIS IS BECAUSE THE LOOPS SERVE A GENUINE TEST FUNCTION WHICH TELCO USES DURING THE DAY. (WE DON'T WANT TO RUN INTO AN IRATE LINEMAN NOW, DO WE?) TO FIND A LOOP, HAVING 2 #'S IS A DEFINITE PLUS. IF NOT, HAVE A FRIEND TO DIAL #'S AT HIS LOCATION. LAST RESORT, TRY DIALING FROM TWO ADJACENT PAY PHONES. NOW GET YOUR TRUSTY WHITE PAGES (*), AND TURN TO THE PAGE WHERE IT LISTS THE # OF MSU'S FROM YOUR EXCHANGE (OR EXCHLqŌ^ANGES IN YOUR PRIMARY CALLING AREA) THE IDEA IS TO FIND A LOOP THAT IS WITHIN YOUR PRIMARY CALLING AREA OR IS ONLY 1 MSU IN YOUR AREA (CALL AREA A). THIS IS SO YOU DON'T GO BANKRUPT TRYING TO FIND A LOOP. WRITE DOWN ALL OF THESE EXCHANGES AND DO A 99XX SCAN OF THOSE EXCHANGES (99XX SCANNING WILL BE DISCUSSED SHORTLY). BEFORE WE GET UP TO 99XX SCANNING, WE WILL LOOK AT SOME OTHER LOOP INFO: LOOPS ARE FOUND PAIRS WHICH ARE USUALLY CLOSE TO EACH OTHER. FOR EXAMPLE, IN NPM)NA 212, WHERE THE INFAMOUS LOOPS ARE FOUND, THERE IS A STANDARD LOOP FORMAT: MANHATTAN & BRONX-------NNX-9977/9979 BROOKLYN & QUEENS-------NNX- 9900/9906 NNX IS THE EXCHANGE TO BE SCANNED. HERE ARE SOME LOOPS THAT HAVE BEEN FOUND IN NYC. THESE ARE USED MOSTLY BY PHREAKS AND CALL-IN LINES FOR PIRATE RADIO STATIONS: 212-220-9900/9906 212-283-9977/9979 212-352-9900/9906 212-365-9977/9979 212-529-9900/9906 212-562-9977/9979 212-982-9977/9979 212-986-9977/9979 THE LOWER # ISN2 THE TONE SIDE (SINGING SWITCH). THE HIGHER # IS ALWAYS SILENT. THE TONE DISAPPEARS ON THE LOWER # WHEN SOMEBODY DIALS IN THE OTHER SIDE OF THE LOOP. IF YOU ARE ON THE HIGHER #, YOU'LL HAVE TO LISTEN TO THE CLICKS TO SEE IF SOMEBODY DIALED-IN. THE NYC 982 & 986 LOOPS ARE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS. USUALLY WHEN YOU PARK ON A LOOP, YOU WILL HEAR WHO EVER CALLS IN ON THE OTHER HALF. WHEN THEY'RE DONE, THE NEXT CALLER (IF ANY) WILL BE QUEUED IN, ONE AFTER ANOTHER. ON THE NYC 9829O o & 986, YOU SOMETIMES CAN'T GET ANY MORE CALLERS IN AFTER THE FIRST. FURTHERMORE, IF YOU PARK ONE OF THESE LOOPS AND THERE IS NOBODY ON THE OTHER END FOR MORE THAN 4 MINUTES, YOU MAY BE AUTOMATICALLY DISCONNECTED. THESE LOOPS ARE GOOD FOR BACK-UP PURPOSES WHEN ALL OTHER LOOPS ARE BUSY. 99XX SCANNING: -------------- MOST EVERY EXCHANGE IN THE BELL SYSTEM HAS A WIDE VARIETY OF TEST #'S AND OTHER "GOODIES," SUCH AS LOOPS. THESE "GOODIES" ARE USUALLY FOUND BETWEEN 9900!Have Phun, *****BIOC *=$=*Agent *****003 November 15, 1983 NOTE: This article was written in upper & lower case. PS: Please feel free to leave any corrections additions,comments, and/or threats.******END PART 1******art II, we will look at the special Bell numbers such as CN/A, ATT Newslines, loops, ANI, ringback, and 99XX scanning. Until next time, I would like to leave you with a quote from Gilroy "Many people think of phone phreaks as slime, out to rip off Bell for  D}k828-2501 914 518-471-8111 513 614-464-2345 915 512-828-2501 514 514-861-6391 916 415-546-1341 515 402-345-0600 918 405-236-6121 516 518-471-8111 919 912-784-9111 BELL USES THESE #'S MAINLY TO FIND OUT WHO OWNS A # THAT A CUSTOMER CLAIMS HE NEVER CALLED. NOTE: THIS IS THE MOST COMPLETE LIST OF CN/A #'S IN MY POSSESSION (WITH ONLY 5 #'S NOTR>v EXIST SO THAT AUTHORIZED BELL EMPLOYEES CAN FIND OUT THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF ANY CUSTOMER IN THE BELL SYSTEM. ALL #'S ARE MAINTAINED ON FILE INCLUDING UNLISTED #'S. HERE'S HOW IT WORKS: 1) YOU HAVE A # AND YOU WANT TO FIND OUT WHO OWNS IT, E.G. (914) 555- 1234. 2) YOU LOOK UP THE CN/A # FOR THAT NPA IN THE LIST BELOW. IN THE EXAMPLE, THE NPA IS 914 AND THE CN/A # IS 518-471-8111. 3) YOU THEN CALL UP THE CN/A # (DURING BUSINESS HOURS) AND SAY SOMETHING LIKE, Sc"HI, THIS IS JOHN JONES FROM THE RESIDENTIAL SERVICE CENTER IN MIAMI. CAN I HAVE THE CUSTOMER'S NAME AT 914-555-1234. THAT # IS 914-555-1234." MAKE UP YOUR OWN REAL SOUNDING NAME, THOUGH. 4) IF YOU SOUND NATURAL & CHEERY, THE OPERATOR WILL ASK NO QUESTIONS. HERE'S THE LIST: NPA CN/A # NPA CN/A # --- ------------ --- ------------ 201 201-676-7070 517 313-232-8690 202 2Tw02-384-9620 518 518-471-8111 203 203-789-6800 519 416-487-3641 204 ****N/A***** 601 601-961-0877 205 205-988-7000 602 303-232-2300 206 206-382-8000 603 617-787-2750 207 617-787-2750 604 604-432-2996 208 303-232-2300 605 402-345-0600 209 415-546-1341 606 502-583-2861 212 5U~j18-471-8111 607 518-471-8111 213 213-501-4144 608 414-424-5690 214 214-948-5731 609 201-676-7070 215 412-633-5600 612 402-345-0600 216 614-464-2345 613 416-487-3641 217 217-525-7000 614 614-464-2345 218 402-345-0600 615 615-373-5791 219 317-265-7027 616 313-223-8690 301 3Vl01-534-1168 617 617-787-2750 302 412-633-5600 618 217-525-7000 303 303-232-2300 701 402-345-0600 304 304-344-8041 702 415-546-1341 305 912-784-9111 703 804-747-1411 306 ****N/A***** 704 912-784-9111 307 303-232-2300 705 416-487-3641 308 402-345-0600 707 415-546-1341 309 2Wt17-525-7000 709 ****N/A***** 312 312-769-9600 712 402-345-0600 313 313-223-8690 713 713-658-1793 314 314-436-3321 714 213-995-0221 315 518-471-8111 715 414-424-5690 316 816-275-2782 716 518-471-8111 317 317-265-7027 717 412-633-5600 318 318-227-1551 801 303-232-2300 319 4XO8N02-345-0600 802 617-787-2750 401 617-787-2750 803 912-784-9111 402 402-345-0600 804 804-747-1411 403 403-425-2652 805 415-546-1341 404 912-784-9111 806 512-828-2502 405 405-236-6121 807 416-487-3641 406 303-232-2300 808 212-226-5487 408 415-546-1341 BERMUDA ONLY 412 412- YhWI633-5600 809 212-334-4336 413 617-787-2750 812 317-265-7027 414 414-424-5690 813 813-228-7871 415 415-546-1132 814 412-633-5600 416 416-487-3641 815 217-525-7000 417 314-436-3321 816 816-275-2782 418 514-861-6391 817 214-948-5731 419 614-464-2345 819 514-861-6391 501 405- P236-6121 901 615-373-5791 502 502-583-2861 902 902-421-4110 503 503-241-3440 903 ****N/A***** 504 504-245-5330 904 912-784-9111 505 303-232-2300 906 313-223-8690 506 506-657-3855 907 ****N/A***** 507 402-345-0600 912 912-784-9111 509 206-382-8000 913 816-275-2782 512 512-[?VDwith it. TEL-TEC: -------- TEL-TEC is at (800) 323-3026. In my experiences, you usually get a very shitty connection. This I use for last resorts. FORMAT: 6 digit code + dest. # Tel-Tex (for TX only): (800) 432-2071 CAUTION: Like the 950 exchange, 800 numbers can be easily traced. This doesn't mean that they trace everything, though. Others: ------- There are many other 800 services and PBX's (such as the Dimension 2000 at 800-848-9000). There is just not enough ro\5om to discuss them all. As you have probably noticed, I have posted no codes. Check the phreak section of various BBS's to find the latest codes or hack them yourself. I suggest that you don't use codes found on BBS's though since they may be traps! Hand-hack good possibilities or use a "smart" modem with a hacking program (contact your local pirate). HOW MA BELL CATCHES PHONE HACKERS: ---------------------------------- Besides suspicion and random checks, Ma Bell sets up "trap ] wnumbers". Trap numbers were set up on certain dial-ups such as Sprint, MCI, etc. Whenever, the dial-up is called a "trouble card" is dropped at the central office. This means that a record of the called #, the CALLERS #, and time are printed out. These cards (or printouts in an ESS CO) are usually ignored unless SPC or somebody detects fraud, ie, unauthorized use of a customers acct., then they call Bell and find out the name and number and instantly nail the phreak who made the ^ Acall. They will then either demand that you pay some enormous fee and they'll forget the whole matter; give them info on other phreaks, boards, etc.; or prosecute you on the federal rap of Theft of Communications service, which carries fines of upto 10 years in jail and/or $10,000. They usually don't go for legal action first, though. If you don't actually use any codes, they can still nail you for harrassing phone calls. "Trap & Trace" is another favorite of the gestapo. With t_ g%his method you cannot hang up until the trace is completed! Why does Bell help their competion? Actually, it is rather simple. People were using Sprint to break into Bell's ESS computers. Bell could only trace the call back to Sprint. So, Sprint helps Bell catch the people it wants and visa-versa. ("You rub my back and I'll rub yours" type of deal.) By the way, trap numbers are also how Bell catches people who make harrasing phone calls to private residences. Also, certain Tel`{cco exchanges running ESS (see part IV) generate reports called the "800 Exceptional Calling Report" which list people who have made extensive or long calls to 800 #'s. Since many people use legit 800's alot, they also wind up on the list. If Bell does have a certain problem with an 800 #, though, they just have to check their records. If Bell has sufficient reason to suspect you of illegal activities, they may put a pen register on your line to record EVERY single digit you dial alona""g with other pertinent information. Finally, do not forget that these services have a copy of the number that you called. So, if a customer says he didn't call a certain #, they will usually call up that # and try to find out who did call at that time. So, to be safer on SPC, MCI, and others, follow the following suggestions: 1) Use a fortress phone (pay phone) whenever possible. Although, they have been know to stake out pay phones. Just don't use the same phone over and over abLgain. In other words, move around. 2) Only call institutional switchboards, business that have no record of your call, and friends who are instant amnesiacs. 3) Try to keep all calls under 15 minutes when possible. NOTE: No system is totally safe! When I classify something as safe or dangerous, that is just with respect to my opinion as well as that of several other phreaks. These opinions are based on how many people have been busted on them, what type of equipment they are using,c1 and inside information. I cannot possibly guarantee that you will or will not get caught. Actually, with CCIS and ESS nothing is really safe anymore. Besides, what phun would there be in life without risks! Also, I have known people who used 800 #'s & SCC's for several years daily with no problems...I also know people who used a system for a week and were busted! At this point, I would like to mention the "official" phreak newsletter, TAP. TAP contains much info about phone phredy*_aking and other illegal activities. Send a SASE for their info sheet, "What The Hell Is TAP?" Their address is: TAP Room 603 147 West 42 Street New York, NY 10036 Coming soon: ------------ In Part II, we will look at the special Bell numbers such as CN/A, ATT Newslines, loops, ANI, ringback, and 99XX scanning. Until next time, I would like to leave you with a quote from Gilroy "Many people think of phone phreaks as slime, out to rip off Bell for  O(|n,xNj# |NpN n4"n80(D@2(DANX0) h2)h N"h |gpMQN8"N,xNbintuition.library((j(NJg")#pJgn$<$ԉ#B &)J8g4x&<") <4IHNJg") <4(j$N` ")$0(G" <4(j(N <((jN")#pJf <$(jNN%S: %T5 [Mounted]%TF Volume: %Sexamine$#p( #A(#jX,() v$)")p(jN#AJ{|Ajihg|Fullr{gNNUBHzN\PO)@N lN"h80)H+@ lN"h80) H+@ lN+h4 m0(D@H/"m2)DAH//-NVO m0( H"-/"m4)H&-//-N8O /,NNzXON]Nuintuition.libraryapCNENf2<kt"Q)O",x)NH瀀.)gKN`B_NsC Nh)@f .<N`NPONudos.libraryINuNU/ Hy0,J/NPO)@FfBHyNPO.l"Nu lFBh lF1|"lF3| l" ,"P)@& l& MANXBNXO$@Jg0/- /-/ }~L~^CLSr}+ ?g $<Lv`$<Mv,yC@pN*@N"N"MNbpNudos.library Parameters are not required  0$mBHzNPO)@fL pN]Nu m "h$/)NXO(gRHzm D/(6NPO&@Jg4Hx/ N PO,g$ * E%h%FHxHz8NPO%@/NXO/,NXOB`icon.libraryWINDOW* o Jf SNuNUJg lN/-NXON]NuNU/+mJFg,x` /NXOR0,  _^]\lkqponm DCopyrmHK8A"P$QX+IX+JHaL"mQ ,xN.&mP ."<N:+@ P S"m "XT"Q/ ,S&m (KJ"< XgN:(XQ&_|z kg kg kg kg kNqJzRn/C m X"RSg"P (" (X#@P`.BC* m PP""m N."mQ N.LNa(J  K"m ""qPN`>aP`6JgRzNuJ m "pP g$" m (pPS L$I""$Q``HK:DEVSp%`fe Kparallel.deviceeQparallel Version 33 (rev 8) (Fri Feb 27 09:10:19 PST 1987) J>!<Xparallel.devicemisc.resourcezNuB)Jn g.ug)5f|`pB.v)5guJ)f J. fRn nu5v)5g #nZ6#n^:NuB)Jn g Sn fBnrB&u.vgNpNu0</ /,n"N,_"_|0) @ nHA pN<Q)f/,n2N,_ if .vgP9v`8 if69f.vf </ /,n"'Q0EDCBA@?>=<;PONMLKJIHGF[ZYXWVUTSRQdcbaIP printer.deviceas 5Uer=Jp2 5`RJ !.Tprinter.deviceprinter Version 33 (rev 132) (Mon Feb 9 13:09:02 PST 1987) H &I+B+4+n2mt n.J0 kD/,y N|,_J+f A4"K/,y N,_/,y Nv,_`J n* p "KNLNupaNuH $&I/,y N,_f0B+g S"k"!I+f"K/,y N,_/,y N,_LNuHA4CE( < NLJg"@##H printers K1:9876543 EpsonXOld3[:L(! 2 [pNu# JT&bf `xH4EpsonXOld#A#/,y#CpN# glCpN#gDCXpN#gp,_Nu"y/,yNb,_"y/,yNb,_"y /,yNb,_p`intuition.librarydos.librarygraphics.library"y/,yNb,_"y/,yNb,_"y /,yNb,_pNupNuXPD۪Fsystem-configuration - ; " ,EpsonXOld` H :DEVSpw!Lp B 3K ApplePlotter.docp-&%28Disk-Validator2l#G$ #Bv lt "*Nt0҂`r $)( r0Ҫ$)( "*XW%A%j$*XS%BB"*p(jxNB#jr#A nҪt!rҩ `t "*NJg0r#At #B "*N") $)"*Ҫ!$*"*p(j$N$*"*p(jN#A$*"*p(jNҩ%A`J$< rp(j(N"*@&)$0(G" p(jNJf"p(jNrp(j N"*@Jg"p(jNB#j"*#A nL#Atāv#C#A$) m o$) G bR//.-,+*)('y Ram-Handler'@  HB A"B ,xNLBNtԉ#B&#p8BX%B\r#At-nҪ\Brҩ`"*\t!r%Ah <(j8N$)!(")!DOS r#At nҩBrҩ`G" <(jTN#A <(j8N$)!(")!DOS ")t!vt" <(jN <(jN#A`") <IhN&*l$") <(jN`Z") <IN&*l$") <(jN`0v$)") <(jN`")$$0("0 <u;ViWStartUp-Sequenceqiotintro full cls BigCLI ASCOTT Presents: UTILITY DOCUMENT DISK 2 Copy C:Run|P ram: QUIET Assign C: RAM: ML  Sp"ߵNM8D-TECT_DOC_DISKqMOASCOTT of PETERBOROUGH presents UTIL DOC DISK #2 Another ASCOTT production !!! A-Max Emulator Amialign Apple Plotter B.A.D. Boot Repair Boot Intro Boot Saver Checksum Clockdoctor Deluxe Video III Deluxe Paint III Dir Master Disk-2-Disk Disk Performance Disk Arranger Disk Doctor File Zap File Mapper Handy Icons IFF Cutter Make Object Make Oject Changes Marauder II BF10 Megaboot Modplayer Noise Tracker Parameter Copy Popcli Power Ripper 1.1/2.1 Professional Draw Prog Boot S.I.R. S.T.g{pINTROp&@HaVL,yCN @ hpNudos.libraryANOTHER ASCOTT PRODUCTION! 33@ | 0<(BQA,yCNhA JfNu,@"|N: |d!|<2<@4<Nz#d2<0<2"|N<NAD0<N2<0<""|NA@0<N2< 0<<"|NA$0<N | CE ٳf3 | #6<E |@a 0a0a@0Q(|@6<E*|08:<\JFoHĉDHŋEJDmJEm D?n 2MINE6p;' Dear fellow Amiga owners, I have spent some considerable time putting this document disk together, mainly correcting others mistakes and ensuring that all the documents work. Therefore I implore you not to steal the credit for all my time and effort away from me. If you do and we should ever meet then woe betide you, for I weigh seventeen stone and built like a brick !*@#house. Enjoy yourselves on the b_I MLpQ HA PJ"H,xHE6 a2L/&IP .P,SN @I (g @BICopy * to Ser: or >Type * to Ser: >Control \ terminates this mode. B. Plotter files can be created with Basic and sent to the plotter as follows: >Open "Ser:" for output as #1 >Print #1,XXXXXXX (X= Plotter Comman;Nds) >Close #1 C. Plotter files can be sent from CAD programs such as Aegis Draw as follows: 1. By using the plot option in the program's menu. Select serial and generic printer options on Workbench Preferences. 2. By sending plot files directly to the serial port: >Type (filename) to Ser: or: >Run Type (filename) to Ser: (This option will k allow you to output a plot file in the background, and you can return to the plotter program to create another design.) III. Directions for Adapting Aegis Draw to Drive the Apple Plotter A. A file named "Plotdriver" must be created using ED. See Appendix E of the plotter manual. The following driver works for the default setting of the plotter. 42586 254.0 9.425 6.925 .012 1 4 "CH;" "CH;" +B "MA " "," ";" "DA " "," ";" "PS" ";" "LT1;" "LT2;" "LT3;" "LT4;" "LT5;" "LT6;" "LT7;" "LT8;" "LT9;" B. A second file can be created named "Plotdriver.B" for "B" size paper (11 X 17"). 42586 254.0 15.435 9.435 .012 1 4 "CH;" "CH;" "MA " "," ";" "DA " "," ";" "P oS" ";" "LT1;" "LT2;" "LT3;" "LT4;" "LT5;" "LT6;" "LT7;" "LT8;" "LT9;" C. Directions for Using Aegis Draw with the Apple Plotter: 1. Boot 1.2 Workbench in df0: (use Control D to enter CLI.) 2. Put Aegis Draw in df1: 3. >CD df1: 4. If you are using "B" size paper: >Assign Plotdriver: Plotdriver.b 5. >Run Draw 6 fo|. Design Work 7. Select "Plot: on Aegis Draw menu. This will creste a plot file of your design in a file called "Drawplotdump". 8. Left Amiga N to return to Amigados. 9. >Type Drawplotdump to Ser: 10. Left Amiga M to return to Aegis Draw to do more design work. D. Additional tricks can be devised to enhance your use of the plotter with Aegis Draw. For example, alternative plotdriver files can be created for pens with d #=ifferent widths and for different paper sizes. For .7mm pens, replace the number .012 above with .028.note-cat. For further information contact: Gil Shatto President AlAmiga (Alabama User's Group) 1303 Pointer Drive Jacksonville,Al 36265 1-205-435-4710 (Home) 1-205-238-3397 (Work) rol D to enter CLI.) 2. Put Aegis Draw in df1: 3. >CD df1: 4. If you are using "B" size paper: >Assign Plotdriver: Plotdriver.b 5. >Run Draw 60sR[~Z#lMarauderIIBF10.docp1F **********GILROY's course in*********** * * * ========================== * * =BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS= * * ========================== * * PART I * *************************************** Revised: 21 March 1987 PREFACE: -------- In this course, I plan to cover as much material as possible relating to tele- communications. First, in the syllabus are the long-distance services, which is pthe topic of part I. In future issues, such subjects as The Network, colored boxes, telephone electronics, central office equipment, operators, special #'s, and much, much more will be covered. LONG-DISTANCE SERVICES: ----------------------- In an attempt to offer lower prices, alternatives to Bell have been set up. Services such as Sprint, Metrophone, ITT, MCI, Travelnet, and many others are all familiar to us. These services are known as Specialized Common Carriers (SCC's) or Other Common Carriers (OCC's). [Don't confused this with Switching Control Center, also known as SCC] The basis of all these services are that they own their own switching equipment. First, we will look at those services which use a local dial-up. The principle of these are: 1) You dial the local #. 2) When it picks up you get a 2nd dial tone, you then enter a code. 3) You then enter the destination # & whalla, you're connected--a free call! Next, we will look at several of thcie services: SPRINT: ------- Sprint, also known as SPC, was one of the first LD services. Many boards contain SPC #'s and I plan to include a list of them as an appendix to this course so you can find your local #. The codes for SPC are 8 digits long. SPC is not considered safe, since many people have been busted on it! It is common knowledge that Sprint has declared war on phone phreaks. So, fight back (with care)! {914 dial-up--> (914) 997-1616} METROphone: ---------- Metrophonq\~e, owned by Western Union, is very popular among phone phreaks due to the large abundance of codes and it (at the time of this writing) is considered fairly safe. Recently (7/84), Metrophone has allegedly been placing "trap codes" on BBS's which are being traced. I suggest that you hack your own for safety purposes. The code is 6 digits long. To find out the local dial-up for your area, just call (800) 325-1403 and ask the "nice lady" for the # for your area. FORMAT: At tone--> code+Barea code (NPA)+destination # NOTE: NPA & A/C are abbreviations for area code. ITT: ---- ITT is a little different in that upon hearing the dial tone after calling the local access #, you enter the a/c and then the #. You will then hear a short tone, you then immediately enter your 7 digit access code. {dial-ups:(212)248-0151, (914)997-8576} FORMAT: At tone, destination # + 7 digit access code. MCI: ---- MCI has dial-ups in most areas but the codes are not interchangableKô (ie, a code that works for the New York dial-up will NOT work for the Boston dial-up). FORMAT: At tone, 5 digit access code + destination #. MCI CREDIT CARD (MCI CC): ------------------------- This MCI service also known as MCI Execunet, is for people who travel alot (ie, business pigs) & need a code that works in several places. Therefore, the codes on this system are interchangable throughout the dial-ups unlike the regular MCI service. FORMAT: At tone, 7 digit access code + dSestination #. {212 dial-up: 248-0151} NOTE: You can usually call up the companies customer service #, and say you just moved or that you are traveling and ask for the access # for your area code. To find out the customer service # call dir. asst. at (800) 555 1212. ============== =950 Exchange= ============== The 950 exchange is a nationwide access exchange, in most areas, that includes several SCC's. All services on this exchange are considered dangerous due to the fact that th @MZey have the ability to trace. The currently working numbers in many metropolitan areas in the US are: 950-1000 SPC (Sprint) -1022 MCI Execunet -1033 US Telephone -1044 AllNet -1066 Lexitel -1088 Skyline This exchange will probably be phased out when customers choose their LD carrier as a result of "equal access." SKYLINE: -------- SBS Skyline is a new service owned by IBM, Comsat and AEtna. It has the same local access # across the country: 950-1088. It is supposed to have er,< 6 (possibly 8) digit codes and is alleged to be very dangerous. Most of the services in 950 have crystal clear connections. =============== =Calling Cards= =============== Calling cards are Bell's version of Sprint, MCI, etc. Calling cards are used primarily from pay phones. The format is: NPA-NXX-XXXX-CCCC NPA is usually the a/c of the billed # that the call is to be billed to. This may be replaced by a 3 digit RAO (Revenue Accounting Office) code in some NPA's or a special b)8543210/.CBA@?>=<;:9NMLKJIHGFEDPYXWVUTSRQMPTelecomm2.tutorpQ>ı **********GILROY'S COURSE IN************ * ========================== * * BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS * * PART II * * ========================== * **************************************** PREFACE: IN PART II, WE WILL EXPLORE THE VARIOUS SPECIAL BELL #'S, SUCH AS: CN/A, AT&T NEWSLINES, LOOPS, 99XX #'S, ANI, RINGBACK, AND A FEW OTHERS. CN/A: ----- CN/A, WHICH STANDS FOR CUSTOMER NAME AND ADDRESS, ARE BUREAUS THAT;-,+*)('&%$#876")Telecomm3.tuturp6:*********GILROY's course in******** * ========================= * * BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS * * PART III * * ========================= * *********************************** PREFACE: IN PART III, WE WILL DISCUSS THE DIALING PROCEDURES FOR DOMESTIC AS WELL AS INTERNATIONAL DIALING. WE WILL ALSO TAKE A LOOK AT THE TELEPHONE NUMBERING PLAN. =====NORTH AMERICAN NUMBERING PLAN================================ IN NORTH AMERICA, THE TEL!Ş     "! >Telecomm4.tutor/pj5 *********GILROY's COURSE IN************ * * * ========================== * * =BASIC TELECOMMUNCIATIONS= * * ========================== * * PART IV * *************************************** PREFACE: -------- PART IV WILL DEAL WITH THE VARIOUS TYPES OF OPERATORS, OFFICE HIERARCHY, & SWITCHING EQUIPMENT. OPERATORS: ---------- THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF OPERATORS IN THE NETWORK AND THE MO'JTelecomm5.tutorGpP **********GILROY's course in*********** * * * ========================== * * =BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS= * * ========================== * * PART V * *************************************** Revised: 21 march 1987 PREFACE: Previous installments of this series were focused on telephony from a Network point-of-view. Part V will deal with telephone electronics focusing primarily on the subs Z" Telecomm6.tutorp$ **************************GILROY's COURSE IN******************************** * * * ========================== * * =BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS= * * ========================== * * PART VI * ****************NTelecomm7.tutorp*********GILROY's COURSE IN************ * * * ========================== * * =BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS= * * ========================== * * PART VII * *************************************** PREFACE: AFTER MOST NEOPHYTE PHREAKS OVERCOME THEIR FASCINATION WITH METRO CODES AND WATS EXTENDERS, THEY WILL USUALLY SEEK TO EXPLORE OTHER AVENUES IN THE VAST PHONE NETWORK. OFTEN THEY WILL COME ACROSS*= REFERENCES SUCH AS "SIMPLY DIAL KP + 2130801050 + ST FOR THE ALLIANCE TELECONFERENCING SYSTEM IN LA." NUMBERS SUCH AS THE ONE ABOVE WERE INTENDED TO BE USED WITH A BLUE BOX; THIS ARTICLE WILL EXPLAIN THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE FINE ART OF BLUE BOXING. GENESIS: -------- IN THE BEGINNING, ALL LONG DISTANCE CALLS WERE CONNECTED MANUALLY BY OPERATORS WHO PASSED ON THE CALLED NUMBER VERBALLY TO OTHER OPERATORS IN SERIES. THIS IS BECAUSE PULSE (AKA ROTARY) DIGITS ARE CREATED B#2Y CAUSING BREAKS IN THE DC CURRENT (SEE BASIC TELCOM V). SINCE LONG DISTANCE CALLS REQUIRE ROUTING THROUGH VARIOUS SWITCHING EQUIPMENT AND AC VOICE AMPLIFIERS, PULSE DIALING CANNOT BE USED TO SEND THE DESTINATION NUMBER TO THE END LOCAL OFFICE (CO). EVENTUALLY, THE DEMAND FOR FASTER AND MORE EFFICIENT LONG DISTANCE (LD) SERVICE CAUSED BELL TO MAKE A MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR DECISION. THEY HAD TO CREATE A SIGNALING SYSTEM THAT COULD BE USED ON THE LD NETWORK. BASICALLY, THEY HAD TWO OfEPTIONS: [1] TO SEND ALL THE SIGNALING AND SUPERVISORY INFORMATION (IE, ON & OFF HOOK) OVER SEPARATE DATA LINKS. THIS TYPE OF SIGNALING IS REFERRED TO AS OUT-OF-BAND SIGNALING. -OR- [2] TO SEND ALL THE SIGNALING INFORMATION ALONG WITH THE CONVERSATION USING TONES TO REPRESENT DIGITS. THIS TYPE OF SIGNALING IS REFERRED TO AS IN-BAND SIGNALING. BEING THE CHEAP BASTARD THAT THEY NATURALLY ARE, BELL CHOSE THE LATTER (AND CHEAPER) METHOD -- IN-BAND SIGNALING. THEY EFkVENTUALLY REGRETTED THIS, THOUGH (HEH, HEH)... IN-BAND SIGNALING PRINCIPLES: ----------------------------- WHEN A SUBSCRIBER DIALS A TELEPHONE NUMBER, WHETHER IN ROTARY OR TOUCH-TONE (AKA DTMF), THE EQUIPMENT IN THE CO INTERPRETS THE DIGITS AND LOOKS FOR A CONVENIENT TRUNK LINE TO SEND THE CALL ON ITS WAY. IN THE CASE OF A LOCAL CALL, IT WILL PROBABLY BE SENT VIA AN INTER-OFFICE TRUNK; OTHERWISE, IT WILL BE SENT TO A TOLL OFFICE (CLASS 4 OR HIGHER -- SEE TELCOM IV) TO BE PROCESS#Boot.docp*D ProgBoot is a program that transfers a executable program to the bootblock. The programsize should not exceed approximately 1000 bytes. The code must be in ONE hunk and must be PC-relative. Turbobrain 3 Boot a other disk and go to CLI. Insert disk to be converted unprotected in df0: and type: df0:Mega_Boot , Then press left mousebutton when you get a prompt (Bootblock is not Mega_Boot V1. H2 ! 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It allows any data that does not need relocation to be included in a program when linking it. Makeobj also allows you to specify that the hunk created with Makeobj will load into CHIP memory (this is useful for graphics images and digitized sound samples). Using Makeobj Make$2 obj can be started from the CLI by entering a command line like this: Makeobj datafile objectfile.o As you can see, Makeobj takes two arguments that are the input file name and the output (object) file name. If the file names contain spaces they must be enclosed in double quotes (as in the normal CLI commands). When Makeobj is started it will first open the input file and tell the length of that file. then it will ask it the hunk should be loaded in CHIP memory. Answer Y (y$3ifes) or N (no). After that Makeobj will as you the name of the hunk that it will create in the objectfile. Normally you don't need to supply a hunk name, so you can just press . However if you use Lattice C compiler version 4.0 or later with the normal (small) memory model (no -b0 - option) then you must give the hunk the name "__MERGED". After answering the hunk name question Makeobj will write the object file header and copy the input file to the object file. Then it will a$45sk you the enter the name of the first relocatable symbol you want to put to the object file. normally you need only one symbol for the file so you can enter the symbol name here. Note that if you use the C-language you must add an underscore character '_' in the start of the symbol name. After giving the name of the symbol Makeobj will ask the value of that symbol. Relative symbol values are offsets from the start of the hunk. Normally if you use only one symbol you should give the $5^'value of zero (enter 0). You can define more symbols if you want, specially if the input file contains several different pieces of data. After entering all relative symbols you want (normally only one), press when the program is asking a new relative symbol name. Now Makeobj will ask you the name of the first absolute symbol. This allows you the define constants that you can reference in the program code. Normally you don't need any absolute symbols and you can just press <$GCR> when the question for the name of the first absolute symbol appears. Now Makeobj has made all its work and it will exit after closing the input and output files. 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Then you can use the label in the program. examples: lea symbol_name,a0 or move.l #symbol_name,a0 ;either of these will load the address of the ;posision of the hunk references by symbol_name move.b symbol_name,d0 ;move one byte of data from the position ;referenced by symbol_name 2.C-language define the object you want to reference as 'extern'. here is an example: extern char mydata[]; /* this tells the compiler that mydata is an array of by$otes (chars) and it is define either later in the same source file or in a different source file (this is the following case). mydata or &mydata[0] represents the address of the data created with Makeobj (plus the offset given by the value of the relative symbol). mydata[0] represents the first byte of that data area. The Makeobj program can be freely distributed and this document file should follow it. I hope you find this program useful (I myself have found many uses for it).$ T= I have currently the following email address: INTERNET: trossi@tukki.jyu.FI symbol_name,a0 or move.l #symbol_name,a0 ;either of these will load the address of the ;posision of the hunk references by symbol_name move.b symbol_name,d0 ;move one byte of data from the position ;referenced by symbol_name 2.C-language define the object you want to reference as 'extern'. here is an example: extern char mydata[]; /* this tells the compiler that mydata is an array of by#wV\k ܨ 5|Bt P/}BS +@!|JHЋ,P463{Ɨ8Sc(CvXꇤ\\SeMY*ЙAUZR ICE(~*@E%ky0>^~ 1yIA  SUx`ZsdsrxأT/!FKAi@ 8 ~OŠ+*=B93/vE48FA,_/:y "RCy3(*%&Pv~,ZCE@*?5=r pHꒄ2 "X kDJB0S IAYD!T%okA@ZKѓ7BaCuID@w(*!x[ƘT!4#[$"".Ve\ ƪj9 9k{ N/EB}BlRP8oÂPВP)@ ((6/W )8PNa*w 򨢪0md}DR~u%FhUTjA^Cn$ eED@ dA%$Uo!!DE3PTRVPF2NRl !0Aq&f'AATNDRCGи& PSTI@EROAT}6#zϾſp7*8 z0@#H@@;܊ڸz*H\s0"|#Dh0'(Oke$w5rEÙEpE&1 uƆU/m<xVɬBJ(A|/QZAB`Zh ```aqIe1(!P/HckA=-y(ˆD MZ& F pK9C8TaH"4C;w[AK*-$2;H 3 "(G幅a-|7!94,I ;Q+l^LHɐL] kv8Am4 5;{w-.耋gshh{~ tªij`ljk Ud"(8b$X)1̝쥄rpr v/'K*FҀoo.8 cC" #{聼Bk3EhM; 6h&hxkU@d<\<*mi6ffi$%* :aooc5 £n*J4j*|*/.Nt}  &`xP/ h/ a.0йϼtCba & hlm`K̐fȭÐ.cdhbiφ-h2 vwZy8 Hyn 6 vNh3AZrዥ *)h b  *Jr5 0͏bbP2bA3 @04 4.!#7 JO**B N x""N+ #L+=D($ %)B1n)**,0d Ȁ*J JJ+"0 AlkH @'.+L̬PP#|键q*̝o%UF@}`YAӾi# PPI5Q(E.:6VqKB^]NxU 8~@)Y\L } (O!Hk!(l!T0* J 7b],K+{qLEOv*0 Jj.#)%"y{x@]QKՂ,"ʊX'.( ^z:c<Nt,/%w(S9RC// R`z7e2J/;"  *ur*2ʢJ*?SJinϬ )"' ܊膏(: 6.(XPP (aY';Հ6 @m`QHh48*aiH.NhdҚ/P D1Ė@:D H!Z a8"0"r;)hѝ2э` 8HF#~kw^> HcBuDD1N]god$~pP߲;LvK;Z@bgCOO`.@T.*#za20I'"*!_VB*cj`6Y!p8 a/MȁkO2Ll`fiC@ ŽfW{ e*yyvj-}~|@@B쉀bښ(d̽ oin%,pf8)"=G3]hW328.0ʰ$ b "h0&̏ƞC(F@Y Nd\`3@M@ L4а1`, ޫHh!H+.*Nt8Nݨ$R{B pm = ZQJX' J{bZО'I} &#y77)ƴ&"3' r:&l몰`0 e04 |G\N ('(KZAݍ۰h"[P6D [c-lpq!`5 t <{zgO@L8fn>y.?ǁKw-W EpA"mV+p4EY"=H7A7DM-(lFl0$A0.۔Pe TJ~kTq oagC7&$9AVL~Tp Q&bMfM&5tvDk&/ Zo`B/ Y9RDidf`IF9댢,:C¼6BY3GF~ٱKN|M0]8v lIƧv|T- heN;{]3CWtaHxLpQEP7"pU[T\$0cٸ06y;iX`SaH--a!G?V luta]`U[5pcjèH3 Ti-&$j?Ht1@zkG0d2wO8lT]ag !u )PyTOLtK E@\0z`UuBG/5,GXjDB0QS@@B7tiس@XMoa2NޔFU]%_&hЈw 5i D̅%#l1鯍_dRAw mR/TLR ĝAC~\O@([)ӑ944~ 'S4!?V7xFsPTBEUA%QZFWF44RPV܎`<.FFh1{I?n6zZLÉOJ֟(Q⇋xE'Cw("ZWS",y,$fFv!_N@'lc(;WL?$pcA]i2upv0<~sljBxd;D9A%Q0|9pa&[(u-{Nkoi"3JBr½h${: H 2BJ}$~K5 _(1P1_@4f!khe Nn&* PDni.]1@"#m{ǧ<0hP*H I[ /EfBQ;`, ;]ȭILL 1nìZ䣞w#p)  (v !NZ2zM#HsK ` \1oP6+# ,p`"`xk [ (v" :2xfhS'3 8 b:\hz ȩ* Rؙr`4d02?Ȉ { |-<@[ L.B oRa9o(c񷌝Hc4Fs ! #ApGQQLA<:dLNm0Q~N_2+Pibj9&U|!@.ӷ.>`,4 8g ȂOс$I.N" L/#nB_ I,/',Cܽ|$C"j*r\codDZ,?h&¡)iazZ  I`h ,%'-- 0:- XN4I|C)C pM@tFcITcIyA0Ѫa.44AiFcÐ\A M?ʄ331XKv  -.cKC#ѭv:UeQZQQ# Q9U('@T@RN\FvDTKVjr\RSDdz1©@N4PB\ 0: 2PiHx"l#y@Bdh=ǰy >\(#oSq'c;|$тоPhi$hβ=z0`3605id._NشKyP]-?H bнAI@i`(WQ{s%0#g@LkP*˨eKS۸(/f2CN!/@z @K57kx-C"wI rh˒v%ub9}|a`519kĒ4HXh45%jUD/<5y֎@vKN긹Ab ai$Pxxc嗃61. 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